Biomarkers to Classify Heart Failure

Prior treatment

• Participants who have participated in another research trial involving an investigational product in the past 30 days.

Other illness

• Any other significant disease or disorder which, in the opinion of the Investigator, may either put the participants at risk because of participation in the trial, or may influence the result of the trial, or the participant's ability to participate in the trial.

Other

• Patients unable to provide blood sample
• Patients unable to provide consent
• Patient with life expectancy of less than 6 months, or has major co-morbidities.

• Patients admitted with symptomatic heart failure, diagnosed within 2 years.
• Diagnosis of congestive heart failure using the modified Framingham criteria:
  • Simultaneous presence of at least 2 major criteria or 1 major criterion in conjunction with 2 minor criteria or a previous clear diagnosis of heart failure.
  • Major criteria:
• Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea or orthopnea
• Neck vein distention
• Rales/Crackles (\>10 cm from base of lungs)
• Acute pulmonary edema
• S3 gallop
• Increased central venous pressure (\>16 cm H2O at right atrium)
• Hepatojugular reflux
• Weight loss \>4.5 kg in 5 days in response to treatment Echocardiographic left ventricular dysfunction
  • Minor criteria:
• Bilateral ankle edema
• Nocturnal cough
• Dyspnea on exertion
• Hepatomegaly
• Pleural effusion
• Weight loss \>4.5 kg caused by heart failure where factors other than treatment of CHF could have contributed to the weight loss
• Tachycardia (heart rate \>120 beats/min) Minor criteria are acceptable only if they cannot be attributed to another medical condition (such as pulmonary hypertension, chronic lung disease, cirrhosis, ascites, or the nephrotic syndrome).