Consolidation Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Mid or Low Rectal Cancer After Neoadjuvant Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy

Prior treatment

• The patient received chemotherapy or radiotherapy during the past 6 months
• The patient received any therapy for colorectal cancer or another malignancy during the past 5 years
• The patient who participate in another clinical trial, or receives any drug for the trial

Other illness

• Upper rectal cancer
• The patient has severe underlying diseases or poor condition to receive chemotherapy or radiotherapy
• Any unhealed wound, fracture, peptic ulcer, or intraabdominal abscess
• Active gastrointestinal bleeding
• Patients with an active infection, which needs antibiotic therapy, during the randomization period

Other

• Clinical stage T1or2N0 on MRI
• Clinical stage T4Nany on MRI
• Clinical stage TanyNanyM1 by image or histology
• Pregnant of breastfeeding women
• Uncontrolled peripheral neuropathy (more than grade 2)

• Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of mid or low rectum
• Locally advanced rectal cancer confirmed by image (i.e. Magnetic resonance image)
  • Clinical stage T1-3N1or2 on MRI
  • Clinical stage cT3N0 (or depth of perirectal invasion by tumor \>5mm on MRI)
  • Suspicious of circumferential invasion on MRI (or circumferential margin \<1mm)
• ECOG performance status of 0-2
• ASA grade ≤ 3
• An informed consent has been signed by the patient