REDUCE LAP-HFREF TRIAL

Prior treatment

• Patients who are not receiving GDMT for specified reasons
• Subject is contraindicated to receive either dual antiplatelet therapy or warfarin analogue; or has a documented coagulopathy
• Currently participating in an investigational drug or device study that may interfere with the conduct and outcome of this study.
• Subjects on immunosuppression or systemic steroid treatment

Other illness

• Myocardial infarction (MI) and/or percutaneous cardiac intervention within past 3 months; CABG in past 3 months, or current indication for coronary revascularization
• Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy initiated within the past 3 months
• Severe heart failure defined by all of the following:
  • ACC/AHA/ESC Stage D heart failure, Non-ambulatory NYHA Class IV HF;
  • Cardiac Index \< 2.0 L/min/m2
  • Requiring inotropic infusion (continuous or intermittent) within the past 3 months.
  • Listed on transplant waiting list
• Known clinically significant un-revascularized coronary artery disease, defined as: epi-cardial coronary artery stenosis associated with angina or other evidence of coronary ischemia.
• History of stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), deep vein thrombosis (DVT), or pulmonary emboli within the past 6 months or recurrent DVT/pulmonary emboli
• Presence of significant valve disease defined by echocardiography as:
  • Mitral valve regurgitation defined as grade \> 2+ MR
  • Tricuspid valve regurgitation defined as grade \> 2+ TR;
  • Aortic valve disease defined as ≥ 2+ AR or moderate AS
• Evidence of pulmonary hypertension with PVR ≥4 Woods Units
• Chronic pulmonary disease requiring continuous home oxygen, OR significant chronic pulmonary disease defined as FEV1 \<1L.
• Echocardiographic evidence of intra-cardiac mass, thrombus or vegetation
• Known or suspected allergy to nickel

Lab values

• Significant hepatic impairment defined as 3X upper limit of normal of transaminases, total bilirubin, or alkaline phosphatase; Hepatic cirrhosis; Hypoalbuminemia
• Currently requiring dialysis; or e-GFR \<25ml/min

Other

• NT-Pro BNP \< 100 pg/mL (if in sinus rhythm), or \<300 pg/mL (if in atrial fibrillation); or BNP \< 70 pg/mL (if in sinus rhythm), or \< 200 pg/mL (if in atrial fibrillation)
• Automated Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (AICD) placed within past 3 months
• Ability to perform the 6 minute walk Test \>600m
• Atrial fibrillation with resting HR \> 100 BPM
• Arterial Oxygen saturation \< 95% on room air
• Resting RAP \> 14 mmHg
• Right ventricular dysfunction, defined as
  • More than mild RV dysfunction as determined by TTE: OR
  • TAPSE \< 1.4 cm: OR
  • RV volume ≥ LV volume on echo estimate; OR
  • Evidence of RV dysfunction defined by echo as an RV fractional area change \< 35%
• Life expectancy less than 12 months for non-cardiovascular reasons
• Women of child bearing potential
• Systolic blood pressure \>170 mmHg despite appropriate medical management
• Subjects with existing or surgically closed (with a patch) Atrial Septal Defects. Subjects with a Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO), who have elevated filling pressure despite the PFO are allowed
• In the opinion of the investigator, the subject is not an appropriate candidate for the study

• Chronic symptomatic Heart Failure (HF) documented by the following:
  • New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III/ambulatory class IV symptoms (Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, Orthopnea, Dyspnea on mild or moderate exertion) at screening visit, and signs (e.g. any rales post cough, Chest x-ray demonstrating pulmonary congestion,) within past 12 months; AND
  • One hospital admission for which HF was a major component of the hospitalization within the 12 months prior to study entry (transient heart failure in the context of myocardial infarction does not qualify), or one emergency department visit with IV treatment for HF within the 12 months prior to study entry
• Ongoing stable GDMT for HF (Class I, and IIa recommendations) according to the 2016 ACC/AHA Guidelines for the management of Heart Failure (with no significant changes \[\>100% increase or 50% decrease\], excluding diuretic dose changes for a minimum of 3 months prior to screening), which is expected to be maintained without change for 6 months
• Age ≥ 18 years old
• Reduced Left ventricular ejection fraction between 20% and 40% as documented by echocardiography, radio nuclide ventriculography, or MRI within the past 3 months
• Elevated left atrial pressure with a gradient compared to right atrial pressure (RAP) documented by:
  • Resting end expiratory PCWP ≥ 18 mmHg, and greater than RAP by ≥ 5 mmHg
• Subject has been informed of the nature of the study, agrees to its provisions and has provided written informed consent, as approved by the IRB
• Subject is willing to comply with clinical investigation procedures and agrees to return for all required follow-up visits, tests, and exams
• Trans-septal catheterization by femoral vein access is determined to be feasible