NCT03950076CompletedPhase 4
EdoxabaN foR IntraCranial Hemorrhage Survivors With Atrial Fibrillation (ENRICH-AF)
Source: ClinicalTrials.gov · Last updated 1 Sept 2026
Brief summary (registry, in English)
To assess whether edoxaban (60/30 mg daily) compared to non-antithrombotic medical therapy (either no antithrombotic therapy or antiplatelet monotherapy) reduces the risk of stroke (composite of ischemic, hemorrhagic and unspecified stroke) or systemic embolism in high-risk atrial fibrillation (CHA2DS2-VASc ≥2) patients with previous intracranial hemorrhage.
- Status (registry)
- Completed
- Phase (registry)
- Phase 4
- Study type
- Interventional
- Enrollment
- 948 (actual)
- First submitted
- 10 May 2019
- Start date
- 20 Sept 2019
- Primary completion date
- 22 Jul 2026
- Lead sponsor
- Population Health Research Institute
- Diseases
- Stroke, Atrial fibrillation
- NCT number
- NCT03950076
- EU CT number
- 2024-518508-31-00
- EudraCT number
- 2019-002075-33
What you commit to
- Study type: Interventional · Phase 4
- Participants enrolled: 948
- From 20 Sept 2019 to the primary completion date, 22 Jul 2026
- 169 sites in 19 countries
- Visits and tests: ask the trial team, the registry does not list them
Built from the registry fields of ClinicalTrials.gov. It describes the study, not your situation.
Who cannot take part
Copied verbatim from ClinicalTrials.gov and grouped by topic. Only the trial team decides who can take part.
Prior treatment
- Need for ongoing antiplatelet therapy for indication where edoxaban would not be a suitable substitute
Other illness
- Recent intracranial hemorrhage (within 14 days)
- Secondary macrovascular, neoplastic or infectious causes of intracranial hemorrhage (except for antithrombotic treatment or non-penetrating traumatic subdural hemorrhages)
- Isolated subarachnoid hemorrhage (convexity or basal); subarachnoid blood tracking onto convexity secondary to an intraventricular hemorrhage or as part of a multicompartment bleed in cases of traumatic subdural hemorrhages are eligible
- Need for ongoing oral anticoagulant therapy for indication other than AF (e.g. mechanical heart valve, venous thromboembolic disease)
- Persistent, uncontrolled hypertension (systolic BP averaging \>150 mmHg)
- Clinically significant active bleeding, including gastrointestinal bleeding
- Lesions or conditions at increased risk of clinically significant bleeding, e.g. active peptic ulcer disease with recent bleeding, patients with spontaneous or acquired impairment of hemostasis
- Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
- Hepatic disease associated with coagulopathy and clinically relevant bleeding risk
- Known hypersensitivity to edoxaban
Lab values
- Estimated creatinine clearance (CrCl) \< 15 mL/min
- Platelet count less than 100,000mm3 at enrollment or other bleeding diathesis
- Lobar intraparenchymal hemorrhage
- Post menopausal female subjects must be amenorrheic for ≥12 months prior to screening or ≥6 weeks post-surgical bilateral oophorectomy (with or without hysterectomy) prior to screening. Women of childbearing potential must have negative serum pregnancy test within 7 days prior to randomization or urine pregnancy testing within 24 hours of randomization. Heterosexually active women of childbearing potential must use highly effective methods of contraception for 32 days after discontinuation (duration of study drug plus 30 days duration of one ovulatory cycle).
Other
- Plans for left atrial appendage occlusion
- Chronic use of NSAID
- Estimated inability to adhere to study procedures
- Pregnancy or breastfeeding
- Estimated life expectancy \< 6 months at the time of enrollment
- Close affiliation with the investigational site; e.g. a close relative for the investigator, dependent person (e.g., employee or student of the investigational site)
Who the study is looking for
- Written informed consent provided
- Age ≥45 years, at the time of signing the informed consent
- Previous intracranial hemorrhage (symptomatic, spontaneous and non-traumatic non-lobar intraparenchymal or intraventricular hemorrhage, and symptomatic spontaneous or non-penetrating traumatic subdural hemorrhages) on or off antithrombotic therapy
- Documented atrial fibrillation (paroxysmal, persistent, permanent)
- CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2
Age in the registry: 45 years to - · Sex: All · Does not accept healthy volunteers
Sites (169)
Sites in registry order. Pick your city on the disease page to sort them by distance.
| Site | City | Country | Site status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stat Research S.A. Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Buenos Aires | Argentina | Unknown status |
| Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Buenos Aires | Argentina | Unknown status |
| Hospital Policial Churruca-Visca Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Buenos Aires | Argentina | Unknown status |
| Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI) Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Buenos Aires | Argentina | Unknown status |
| Centro Instituto Neurologico Salta Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Salta | Argentina | Unknown status |
| Medical University of Innsbruck (Department of Neurology, Neuro-ICU) Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Innsbruck | Austria | Completed |
| Medical University of Vienna, Dept. of Neurology Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Vienna | Austria | Completed |
| Erasme Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Brussels | Belgium | Completed |
| Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerpen (Uza) Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Edegem | Belgium | Completed |
| Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Genk | Belgium | Completed |
| Jessa Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Hasselt | Belgium | Completed |
| UZ Brussel Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Jette | Belgium | Completed |
| Groeninge Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Kortrijk | Belgium | Completed |
| UZ Leuven Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Leuven | Belgium | Completed |
| AZ Damiaan Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | - | Belgium | Completed |
| Clinique CHC MontLégia Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | - | Belgium | Completed |
| Brandon Regional Health Centre Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Brandon | Canada | Unknown status |
| University of Calgary- Foothills Medical Centre Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Calgary | Canada | Unknown status |
| Centre Integre universitaire de sante et de services sociaux du Saguenay-Lac-Saint -Jean Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Chicoutimi | Canada | Unknown status |
| University of Alberta Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Edmonton | Canada | Unknown status |
| Nova Scotia Health Authority Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Halifax | Canada | Unknown status |
| Hamilton Health Sciences Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Hamilton | Canada | Unknown status |
| Kingston General Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Kingston | Canada | Unknown status |
| London Health Science Centre - University Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | London | Canada | Unknown status |
| CHUM - Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Montreal | Canada | Unknown status |
| McGill University Health Centre Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Montreal | Canada | Unknown status |
| The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Ottawa | Canada | Unknown status |
| The Rhema Research Institute Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Owen Sound | Canada | Unknown status |
| CHUL Pavillon Enfant-Jésus Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Québec | Canada | Unknown status |
| University of Saskatchewan Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Saskatoon | Canada | Unknown status |
| Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Thunder Bay | Canada | Unknown status |
| University Health Network-Toronto Western Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Toronto | Canada | Unknown status |
| Sunnybrook Health Science Centre Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Toronto | Canada | Unknown status |
| Canadian Cardiac Research Centre Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Windsor | Canada | Unknown status |
| University Hospital Basel Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Basel | Switzerland | Unknown status |
| Inselspital, University Hospital Bern Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Bern | Switzerland | Unknown status |
| Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Beijing | China | Unknown status |
| Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Shanghai | China | Unknown status |
| Punan Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Shanghai | China | Unknown status |
| Xinhua Hospital, Chongming Branch Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Shanghai | China | Unknown status |
| Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Shanghai | China | Unknown status |
| Shanghai Blue Cross Brain Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Shanghai | China | Unknown status |
| Shanghai Fengcheng Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Shanghai | China | Unknown status |
| The First People's Hospital of Shenyang Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Shenyang | China | Unknown status |
| Neurological dept., General Hospital of Jihlava Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Jihlava | Czechia | Completed |
| Cerebrovaskularni poradna s.r.o. Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Moravska Ostrava A Privoz | Czechia | Completed |
| Cerebrovascular outpatient clinic (Dpt. of Neurology) Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Ostrava | Czechia | Completed |
| Karviná Miners Hospital Inc. (Karvinská hornická nemocnice a.s.) Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | - | Czechia | Completed |
| Thomayer University Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | - | Czechia | Completed |
| Charité - University Medicine Berlin Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Berlin | Germany | Completed |
| Klinikum Friedrichshafen GmbH Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Friedrichshafen | Germany | Completed |
| Innklinikum, Krankenhaus für Geriatrie & Curiositas-ad-sanum Studien Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Haag in Obb | Germany | Completed |
| Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Hamburg | Germany | Completed |
| Klinikum Main Spessart Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Lohr a. Main | Germany | Completed |
| Universitätsklinikum Tübingen Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Tübingen | Germany | Completed |
| LMU Klinikum Institut für Schlaganfall und Demezforschung Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | - | Germany | Completed |
| Universitätsklinikum Essen Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | - | Germany | Completed |
| Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | - | Germany | Completed |
| University Medicine Goettingen Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | - | Germany | Completed |
| Klinik fur Neurologie, UKSH campus Lubeck Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | - | Germany | Completed |
| Bispebjerg og Frederiksberg Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | - | Denmark | Completed |
| Stroke Center Rigshospitalet Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | - | Denmark | Completed |
| Alexandria University Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Alexandria | Egypt | Unknown status |
| Fayoum General Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Al Fayyum | Egypt | Unknown status |
| Mansoura university Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Al Mansurah | Egypt | Unknown status |
| Beni-Suef University Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Banī Suwayf | Egypt | Unknown status |
| Ain Shams University Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Cairo | Egypt | Unknown status |
| Ain Shams Specialized Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Cairo | Egypt | Unknown status |
| Tanta University Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Tanta | Egypt | Unknown status |
| Zagazig University Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Zagazig | Egypt | Unknown status |
| Hospital del Mar Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Barcelona | Spain | Completed |
| Hospital Donostia- Osidonostialdea Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | - | Spain | Completed |
| Complex Hospitalari Moises Broggi-Consorci Sanitari Integral Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | - | Spain | Completed |
| HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO SON ESPASES Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | - | Spain | Completed |
| Hospital de La Santa Creu Isant Pau Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | - | Spain | Completed |
| COMPLEJO HOSPITALARIO UNIVERSITARIO DE CÁCERES Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | - | Spain | Completed |
| Hospital Clínic Barcelona Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | - | Spain | Completed |
| Hospital Universitari i Politécnic La Fe. Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | - | Spain | Completed |
| University Hospital of Albacete Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | - | Spain | Completed |
| Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | - | Spain | Completed |
| Cruces Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | - | Spain | Completed |
| HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO CENTRAL DE ASTURIAS-FINBA Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | - | Spain | Completed |
| HOSPITAL CLINICO UNIVERSITARIO VIRGEN DE LA ARRIXACA Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | - | Spain | Completed |
| Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | - | Spain | Completed |
| Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | - | Spain | Completed |
| LA PAZ UNIVERITY HOSPITAL Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | - | Spain | Completed |
| Hospital Ramón y Cajal Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | - | Spain | Completed |
| CORUÑA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | - | Spain | Completed |
| Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, NHS Grampian Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Aberdeen | United Kingdom | Unknown status |
| Nevill Hall Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Abergavenny | United Kingdom | Unknown status |
| NHS Lanarkshire Health Board - Monklands Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Airdrie | United Kingdom | Unknown status |
| Arrowe Park Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Birkenhead | United Kingdom | Unknown status |
| The Royal Bournemouth Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Bournemouth | United Kingdom | Unknown status |
| Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, at Bradford Royal Infirmary Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Bradford | United Kingdom | Unknown status |
| Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Cambridge | United Kingdom | Unknown status |
| University Hospital of Wales Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Cardiff | United Kingdom | Unknown status |
| East Suffolk and North Essex NHS Foundation Trust, at Colchester Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Colchester | United Kingdom | Unknown status |
| Edinburgh Royal Infirmary Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Edinburgh | United Kingdom | Unknown status |
| Queen Elizabeth Hospital - Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Gateshead | United Kingdom | Unknown status |
| Glasgow Royal Infirmary Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Glasgow | United Kingdom | Unknown status |
| Queen Elizabeth University Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Glasgow | United Kingdom | Unknown status |
| Gloucestershire Royal Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Gloucester | United Kingdom | Unknown status |
| LNWUH - Northwick Park Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Harrow | United Kingdom | Unknown status |
| Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Huddersfield | United Kingdom | Unknown status |
| Victoria Hospital Kirkcaldy Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Kirkcaldy | United Kingdom | Unknown status |
| Homerton University Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | London | United Kingdom | Unknown status |
| King's Mill Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Mansfield | United Kingdom | Unknown status |
| The South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Middlesbrough | United Kingdom | Unknown status |
| Morriston Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Morriston | United Kingdom | Unknown status |
| Royal Preston Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Preston | United Kingdom | Unknown status |
| Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Reading | United Kingdom | Unknown status |
| Royal Cornwall Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Truro | United Kingdom | Unknown status |
| Hillingdon Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Uxbridge | United Kingdom | Unknown status |
| Southend University Hospital Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Westcliff-on-Sea | United Kingdom | Unknown status |
| Yeovil District Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Yeovil | United Kingdom | Unknown status |
| University General Hospital of Patras, Department of Neurology Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Patras | Greece | Completed |
| Democritus Univeristy of Thrace Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | - | Greece | Completed |
| Ahepa University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | - | Greece | Completed |
| Second Department of Neurology, "Attikon" University Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | - | Greece | Completed |
| Zydus Hospitals & Healthcare Research Pvt. Ltd. Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Ahmedabad | India | Unknown status |
| Shree Krishna Hospital and Pramukhswami Medical College Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Anand | India | Unknown status |
| Bangalore Baptist Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Bangalore | India | Unknown status |
| Mazumdar Shaw Medical Center - Unit of Narayana Health Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Bangalore | India | Unknown status |
| St. John's Medical College Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Bangalore | India | Unknown status |
| Fortis Hospital Ltd Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Bangalore | India | Unknown status |
| Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Chandigarh | India | Unknown status |
| Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Gangtok | India | Unknown status |
| GNRC Hospitals Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Guwahati | India | Unknown status |
| Bangur Institute of Neurosciences Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Kolkata | India | Unknown status |
| Caritas Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Kottayam | India | Unknown status |
| Christian Medical College & Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Ludhiana | India | Unknown status |
| Dhadiwal Hospital in coalition with Shreeji Healthcare Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Nashik | India | Unknown status |
| Bharati Vidyapeeth (DTU) Medical College & Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Pune | India | Unknown status |
| Nanjappa Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Shimoga | India | Unknown status |
| Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Thiruvananthapuram | India | Unknown status |
| Rhythm heart institute Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Vadodara | India | Unknown status |
| AOU di Modena - Stroke Unit (Clin. Neurologica - OCSAE Baggiovara-Modena) Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | - | Italy | Completed |
| Stroke Center, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | - | Italy | Completed |
| Ospedale San Raffaele Dipartimento Neurologico - Stroke Unit Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | - | Italy | Completed |
| University of I'Aquila Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | - | Italy | Completed |
| U.O.C Neurologia / Stroke Unit Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | - | Italy | Completed |
| IRCSS Istituto di Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | - | Italy | Completed |
| L'Azienda Unita Sanitaria Locale della Romagna Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | - | Italy | Completed |
| University La Sapienza - Policlinico Umberto I Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | - | Italy | Completed |
| Chitwan Everest Asptalal Private limited Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Bharatpur | Nepal | Unknown status |
| Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Bharatpur | Nepal | Unknown status |
| Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Biratnagar | Nepal | Unknown status |
| B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Dharān | Nepal | Unknown status |
| B & C Medical College Teaching Hospital & Research Centre Pvt. Ltd. Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Jhapa | Nepal | Unknown status |
| Annapurna Neurological institute and allied sciences Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Kathmandu | Nepal | Unknown status |
| Upendra Devkota Memorial-National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences (UDMNINAS) Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Kathmandu | Nepal | Unknown status |
| Kathmandu Medical College Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Kathmandu | Nepal | Unknown status |
| Grande International Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Kathmandu | Nepal | Unknown status |
| Centro Hospitalar Universitario de Lisbona Central Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Lisbon | Portugal | Completed |
| Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar do Porto Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | - | Portugal | Completed |
| CHULN-Hospital Santa Maria Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | - | Portugal | Completed |
| Centro Hospitalar de Lisoba Ocidental, E.P.E. Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | - | Portugal | Completed |
| University Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | - | Slovakia | Completed |
| Liptov Regional Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | - | Slovakia | Completed |
| The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Medical School Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Austin | United States | Unknown status |
| Alexian Brothers Medical Center Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Elk Grove Village | United States | Unknown status |
| Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | El Paso | United States | Unknown status |
| Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Houston | United States | Unknown status |
| Presence Care Transformation Corporation Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Lisle | United States | Unknown status |
| Tulane University Medical Center Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | New Orleans | United States | Unknown status |
| The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Philadelphia | United States | Unknown status |
| Allegheny General Hospital Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Pittsburgh | United States | Unknown status |
| New York Presbyterian - Queens Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Queens | United States | Unknown status |
| MultiCare Institute for Research & Innovation Coordinator of this site? Confirm its status | Tacoma | United States | Unknown status |
This page is information, not medical advice. Discuss any trial with your doctor.