Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of New-onset Type I Diabetes

Prior treatment

• Treatment that interferes with insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity (e. g. sulfonylureas, diazoxide, somatostatin, methylxanthine derivatives, corticosteroids, biguanide, incretins).
• Absence of anti-pancreatic islet auto-antibodies.
• Participation in another study within the previous 3 months, with administration of blood derivatives or potentially immunomodulating treatments.

Other illness

• Presence of celiac disease (diagnosis based on pathological duodenal biopsy), recently diagnosed (within 1 month), at the time of inclusion.
• Autoimmune/auto-inflammatory disease (other than type 1 diabetes) or active malignant disease present at inclusion.
• Hepatic, renal or adrenal insufficiency.
• History of spinal cord allograft.
• History of post-hemolytic-uremic diabetes.
• Dysmorphic with suspicion of underlying genetic syndrome.

Age

• Children under 6 months of age.

Other

• Obesity defined by a Body Mass Index (BMI) with a z-score \>+3 Standard Deviation.

• Type 1 diabetes de novo according to American Diabetes Association criteria:
  • Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss ± ketoacidosis
  • Fasting blood glucose ≥126 mg/dL AND/OR blood glucose ≥200 mg/dL at the 120th minute of an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) AND/OR HbA1c ≥6.5% AND/OR a patient with symptoms of hyperglycemia/hyperglycemic crisis (see 8. a. 2.) with random blood glucose ≥200 mg/dL.
  • Presence in the serum of one or more anti-islet autoantibodies (anti-insulin, anti-IA2, anti-GAD65, anti-ZnT8)
• Age between 6 months and 18 years.
• Male or female.
• Positive for one or more autoantibodies typically associated with Type 1 Diabetes (TD1).
• Free written and oral consent.