The Effects of Long-term Consumption of Full-fat Dairy Products on Satiety, Body Weight and Glycemic Control

Prior treatment

• Previous history of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, liver or kidney disease, inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, short bowel syndrome, any malabsorptive syndrome, pancreatitis, gallbladder or biliary disease.
• Weight gain or loss of at least 10 lbs in previous three months, and history of childhood overweight or obesity

Other illness

• Presence of gastrointestinal disorder or surgeries within the past year.
• Known intolerance, sensitivity or allergy to dairy products
• Uncontrolled hypertension as defined by the average blood pressure measured at screening.

Lab values

• Fasting blood glucose \> 7 mmol/L
• Triglycerides ≥ 2.3 mmol/L
• Consuming prescription or non-prescription drug, herbal or nutritional supplements known to affect blood glucose or that could affect the outcome of the study as per investigator's judgement.

Other

• Smoking tobacco products and marijuana
• Thyroid problems
• Known to be pregnant or lactating, or planning on becoming pregnant in the next 12 months.
• Irregular menstrual cycles (i.e. frequent missed cycles), menopausal or post- menopausal
• Unwillingness or inability to comply with the experimental procedures
• Consumption of protein powders/protein supplements
• Extreme dietary habits
• Excessive alcohol intake
• Restrained Eaters

• BMI: ≥ 27 and ≤ 34.9 kg/m2
• Fasting serum glucose: ≤ 7 mmol/L
• Low ≤1 serving of dairy consumption
• Waist circumference \>88cm (women) and \>102cm (men)
• Willing to maintain habitual diet, physical activity pattern, and body weight throughout the trial.
• Willing to maintain current dietary supplement use throughout the trial. On test days, participant agrees not to take any dietary supplements until dismissal from the study. Failure to comply will result in a rescheduled test visit.
• Willing to abstain from alcohol consumption for 24 h prior to all test visits.
• Willing to avoid vigorous physical activity for 24 h prior to all test visits.
• Understanding the study procedures and willing to provide informed consent to participate in the study and authorization to release relevant protected health information to the study investigator