Sensory-specific Peripheral Stimulation for Tremor Management

Prior treatment

• Surgical clips in the head or previous neurosurgery
• Cochlear implants
• Any neurological diagnoses or medications influencing brain function
• Non prescribed drug use
• Dementia; severe depression; or prior neurosurgical procedures
• Surgical clips or shunts in the head
• Cochlear implants
• Inability or unwillingness to discontinue medications for tremor on the day of study assessments
• Medical (cardiological, renal, hepatic, oncological) or psychiatric disease that would interfere with study procedures for asES, HD-EMG, TMS, or EEG; dementia; severe depression; prior neurosurgical procedures

Other illness

• Cardiac pacemaker or pacemaker wires; neurostimulators; implanted pumps
• Prosthetic heart valves
• Epilepsy or any other type of seizure history
• History of significant head trauma (i.e., extended loss of consciousness, neurological sequelae)
• Significant other disease (heart disease, malignant tumors, mental disorders)
• Significant claustrophobia; Ménière's disease
• History of current substance abuse (exception: current nicotine use is allowed)
• Tremor, parkinsonism; neurological diseases; medical (cardiological, renal, hepatic, oncological) or psychiatric disease that would interfere with study procedures for asES, HD-EMG, TMS, or EEG
• Failure to perform the behavioral tasks or neuropsychological evaluation tests
• Cardiac pacemaker or pacemaker wires; neurostimulators; implanted pumps
• Prosthetic heart valves
• Epilepsy or any other type of seizure history
• Significant claustrophobia; Ménière's disease
• Medications increasing risk for seizures
• History of current substance abuse (exception: current nicotine use is allowed)
• Failure to perform tasks (e.g., follow instructions to stay still in the scanner) or fill in safety screening forms
• Co-existence of other neurological diseases

Other

• Metal in the body (rods, plates, screws, shrapnel, dentures, IUD) or metallic particles in the eye
• Any magnetic particles in the body
• Known structural brain lesion
• Pregnancy (ruled out by urine ß-HCG if answers to screening questions suggest that pregnancy is possible), breast feeding
• Recreational marijuana
• Prisoners
• Metal in the body (rods, plates, screws, shrapnel, dentures, IUD) or metallic particles in the eye
• Any magnetic particles in the body
• Pregnancy, breast feeding
• Prisoners
• Atypical or secondary parkinsonism
• Mixed or complex tremors

• Age from 18 to 80 years
• No history of a brain and/or skull lesion
• Normal hearing and (corrected) vision
• Able to understand and give informed consent
• No neurological disorders, no tremor
• Absence of pathology that could cause abnormal movements of extremities (e.g., epilepsy, stroke, marked arthritis)
• Able to understand and speak English
• Age from 18 to 80 years
• No prior history of skull lesions or craniotomy
• Normal hearing and (corrected) vision
• Able to understand and give informed consent
• Diagnosis of ET (Tremor Research investigation Group criteria) or diagnosis of PD (UK PD Society Brain bank diagnostic criteria) by a physician
• Tremor in at least an upper limb with pure flexion-extension wrist tremor with posture (ET) and rest (PD).
• Tremor at least moderate-severe by clinician judgment and tremor scales (Fahn Tolosa Marin Tremor Rating Scale (TETRAS), Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS))
• Absence of pathology that could cause abnormal movements of extremities (e.g., epilepsy, stroke, marked arthritis, moderate to severe dyskinesias in PD)
• Stable medication doses for at least 30 days prior to study enrollment
• Able to understand and speak English