Perioperative Enfortumab Vedotin (EV) Plus Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) Versus Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Cisplatin-Eligible Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (MIBC) (MK-3475-B15/ KEYNOTE-B15 / EV-304)

Prior treatment

• Has received prior systemic anticancer therapy including investigational agents within 3 years of randomization or any radiotherapy to the bladder
• Has received a live or live attenuated vaccine within 30 days before the first dose of study intervention
• Has had an allogenic tissue/solid organ transplant

Other illness

• Has ≥N2 disease or metastatic disease (M1) as identified by imaging
• Has a diagnosis of immunodeficiency or has a known history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Hepatitis B infection or known active Hepatitis C infection
• Has a known psychiatric or substance abuse disorder

Lab values

• Has received any prior systemic treatment for MIBC or non-invasive muscle bladder cancer (NMIBC - prior treatment for NMIBC with intravesical BCG/chemotherapy is permitted) or prior therapy with an anti- programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), anti-programmed cell death ligand 1/ ligand 2 (PD-L1/L2), or anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4)
• Has a history of uncontrolled diabetes defined as hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥8% or HbA1c 7% to \<8% with associated diabetes symptoms

Age

• Has a known additional malignancy that is progressing or has required active anti-cancer treatment ≤3 years of study randomization with certain exceptions

Other

• Is cisplatin-ineligible, as defined by meeting any one of the cisplatin ineligibility criteria as per protocol
• Has undergone partial cystectomy of the bladder to remove any NMIBC or MIBC
• Has ongoing sensory or motor neuropathy Grade 2 or higher
• Has active keratitis (superficial punctate keratitis) or corneal ulcerations

• Have a histologically confirmed diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma (UC) / muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) (T2-T4aN0M0 or T1-T4aN1M0) with predominant (≥50%) urothelial histology.
• Have clinically non-metastatic bladder cancer (N≤1 M0) determined by imaging (computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the chest/abdomen/pelvis
• Be deemed eligible for Radical Cystectomy (RC) + Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection (PLND)
• Have Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1
• Have adequate organ function.