Transcranial Photobiomodulation for Alzheimer's Disease (TRAP-AD)

Prior treatment

• Medications affecting cognition (e.g., narcotic analgesics; chronic use of medications with anticholinergic activity, anti-Parkinsonian medications, antipsychotic meds, etc.). Stable use (i.e., = 6 months) of memantine or acetylcholinesterase inhibitors will be allowed.
• Any use of light-activated drugs (photodynamic therapy) within 14 days prior to study enrollment.
• Any type of implants in the head, whose functioning might be affected by t-PBM.
• The completion of study imaging procedures is highly encouraged, but not mandatory for participants with extenuating circumstances (e.g., having prosthetic devices or metallic foreign bodies that constitute hazards for MRI, unable to get PET due to previous level of radiation exposure, having claustrophobia, having a large body size and shape).

Other illness

• Other diagnosis of dementia (i.e. not Alzheimer's type), history of brain tumor, MRI evidence of brain damage or brain disease including significant trauma, hydrocephalus, seizures, intellectual disability, or other serious neurological disorder (e.g. Parkinson's disease or other movement disorders).
• History of significant cerebrovascular pathology (e.g., significant stroke). Subjects with a history of cardiovascular disease (e.g., myocardial infarction) will be allowed to participate at site PI's discretion, on a case-by-case basis, given that the cardiovascular disease is stable and does not reflect the presence of significant cerebrovascular pathology.
• Clinically unstable systemic medical disorders.
• Current DSM-5 diagnosis of alcohol or drug use disorder or other major psychiatric illness (e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar, PTSD, depression). Participants with current mild MDD may be allowed to participate, given that mild MDD does not affect cognition and does not pose increased risk to the participant, as determined by site PI on a case-by-case basis. Participants with current moderate/severe MDD will be excluded.
• Family history of early onset (\<60 y/o) dementia.
• Past intolerance or hypersensitivity to t-PBM.
• Significant skin conditions on the subject's scalp in the area of the procedure sites.

Lab values

• Clinical or laboratory evidence of hypothyroidism.
• Clinically significant abnormal findings of laboratory parameters or at physical examination.

Other

• Unwilling/unable to comply with study procedures.

• Able to give written informed consent and follow study procedures.
• Age \> or = 65 years and \< or = 85 years.
• Meets the Petersen MCI criteria for Amnestic MCI (single and multiple domain) with a Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) between 0.5-1.0, and a Functional Assessment Staging (FAST) of 1-4.
• Be willing to identify an informed relative, family member, spouse, or friend for study staff to interview to confirm subject reports as per UDS 3.0 guidelines; however the lack of a study informant is not exclusionary.
• Have at least a high school diploma/12 years of education.
• Participants with current mild MDD may be allowed to participate, given that mild MDD does not affect cognition and does not pose increased risk to the participant, as determined by site PI on a case-by-case basis.