Gut-Brain-axis: Targets for Improvement of Cognition in the Elderly

Prior treatment

• Chronic anti-inflammatory treatment with steroidal drugs (during the previous 3 months).
• Symptoms and / or clinical signs of infection in the previous month.
• Antibiotic, antifungal or antiviral treatment active in the previous 3 months.
• Treatment with glucocorticoids chronic or during the 2 months prior to inclusion in the study.
• Treatment with a weight loss product during the previous two months
• Chronic anti-inflammatory treatment with steroidal drugs (during the previous 3 months).
• Symptoms and / or clinical signs of infection in the previous month.
• Antibiotic, antifungal or antiviral treatment active in the previous 3 months.
• Treatment with glucocorticoids chronic or during the 2 months prior to inclusion in the study.
• Treatment with a weight loss product during the previous two months.

Other illness

• Serious systemic disease not related to obesity, including any type of cancer, severe kidney disease or liver disease, and known type 1 diabetes.
• Systemic diseases with intrinsic inflammatory activity such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, asthma, or chronic infection (e.g., HIV, active tuberculosis) or any type of infectious disease.
• Current treatment for malignant neoplasia, other than basal cell or squamous cell skin cancer.
• Class III or IV heart disease, known ischemic cardiovascular disease
• Kidney failure, history of kidney transplant, or current dialysis treatment
• Excessive alcohol consumption (alcohol intake greater than 40 g per day (women) or 80 g / day (men)) either acute or chronic, or drug use. History of drug or alcohol abuse.
• Patients with severe eating disorders
• History of alterations in iron balance (known chronic hemoglobinopathies or anemia, genetic hemochromatosis, hemosiderosis from any cause, atransferrinemia, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria).
• Important psychiatric history.
• Serious systemic disease not related to obesity, including any type of cancer, severe kidney disease or liver disease, and known type 1 diabetes.
• Systemic diseases with intrinsic inflammatory activity such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, asthma, or chronic infection (e.g., HIV, active tuberculosis) or any type of infectious disease.
• Current treatment for malignant neoplasia, other than basal cell or squamous cell skin cancer.
• Class III or IV heart disease, known ischemic cardiovascular disease.
• Kidney failure, history of kidney transplant, or current dialysis treatment
• Excessive alcohol consumption (alcohol intake greater than 40 g per day (women) or 80 g / day (men)) either acute or chronic, or drug use. History of drug or alcohol abuse.
• Patients with severe eating disorders
• History of alterations in iron balance (known chronic hemoglobinopathies or anemia, genetic hemochromatosis, hemosiderosis from any cause, atransferrinemia, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria).
• Important psychiatric history.

Lab values

• HbA1c ≥ 9%
• Creatinine greater than 1.2 and glomerular filtration rate less than 40
• Serum liver enzymes (GOT, GPT) above twice the upper limit of normal. Obvious signs or symptoms of liver disease, acute or chronic hepatitis.
• Treatments that affect glucose metabolism or the intestinal microbiota with biguanides, sulfonylurea secretagogues or non-sulfonylurea secretagogues, insulin sensitizers, insulin, thiazolidinediones, alpha glucosidase inhibitors, incretin mimetics, Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors, use of cathartics.
• HbA1c ≥ 9%
• Creatinine greater than 1.2 and glomerular filtration rate less than 40
• Serum liver enzymes (GOT, GPT) above twice the upper limit of normal. Obvious signs or symptoms of liver disease, acute or chronic hepatitis.

Other

• Metformin treatment in the past 6 months
• Chronic constipation (stool habit ≥ 7 days)
• Pregnancy or breastfeeding
• Immunosuppressant treatment.
• Participation in any other study.
• People whose freedom is under legal or administrative requirement.
  • Group B
• Chronic constipation (stool habit ≥ 7 days)
• Pregnancy or breastfeeding
• Immunosuppressant treatment.
• Participation in any other study.
• People whose freedom is under legal or administrative requirement.

• Age between 55 and 80 years.
• Patients with recently diagnosed T2DM (last 6 months), according to the WHO classification.
• Patients in whom written informed consent has been obtained for participation in the study.
• Age between 65 and 80 years.
• Patients with long-term T2DM according to the WHO classification
• Patients in whom written informed consent has been obtained for participation in the study.

Criteria the registry did not label

• Group A