Resistant Starch Prebiotic Effects in Chronic Kidney Disease

Prior treatment

• Participants taking medications which inhibit peristaltic movement (e.g. opioids,loperamide).

Other illness

• Participants who indicates they are allergic to potatoes or corn
• History of renal transplant, ongoing dialysis, use of antibiotics (last 3-months), bowel diseases, cancer, surgically removed bowel, or any gastrointestinal surgery (e.g. intestinal resection, gastric bypass, colorectal surgery)
• Participants with abnormal constrictions of the gastrointestinal tract, diseases of the oesophagus and/or the superior opening of the stomach (cardia), potential or existing intestinal blockage, paralysis of the intestine, megacolon, faecal impaction, appendicitis, a sudden change in bowel habits that has persisted for more than 2 weeks, undiagnosed rectal bleeding, or failure to defaecate following the use of another laxative prod.

Lab values

• Participants with uncontrolled diabetes with a hemoglobin A1C \> 10%.
• Participants with severe anemia (hemoglobin less than 70).

Other

• The participant is cognitively impaired and cannot give consent or participate in the group program
• The participant has an existing relationship with the research team, such as supervisory relationship (student, employee) or familial relationship (child, spouse, etc)
• Participants who indicate that they cannot consume study treatments.
• Female participant who is pregnant, lactating or planning pregnancy during the course of the trial.
• Inability to consume treatment due to swallowing or GI issues and inability to obtain written informed consent.
• Participating in another interventional trial that could influence the intervention or outcome of this trial.
• Participants who consume probiotic supplements.
• Participants taking other fiber supplements or able to maintain high fiber/adequate fiber intake through diet.

• Participant is willing and able to give informed consent for participation in the trial.
• Participant has the ability to speak and read English.
• Male or Female, aged 18 years or above. Females of child-bearing potential must agree to use a medically approved method of birth control for the duration of the study. All hormonal birth control must have been in use for a minimum of three months. Acceptable methods of birth control include: Hormonal contraceptives including oral contraceptives, hormone birth control patch, vaginal contraceptive ring, injectable contraceptives, or hormone implant, double-barrier method, intrauterine devices, non-heterosexual lifestyle or agrees to use contraception if planning on changing to heterosexual partner(s), vasectomy of partner at least 6 months prior to screening.
• Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) \<15 mL/min/1.73m\^2 for the past 3 months
• In the Investigator's opinion, participant is able and willing to comply with all trial requirements.