Colchicine to Suppress Inflammation and Improve Insulin Resistance in Adults and Adolescents With Obesity

Prior treatment

• Recent or regular use of colchicine, anorexiant, or diabetic medications in the last 3 months, or plan to start in the following 3 months.
• Recent or regular use of anti-inflammatory medications (e.g. prednisone, NSAIDs) in the last 7 days, or plan to start in the following 3 months.
• Current use of a strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor or P-glycoprotein (P-gp), as this may cause a significant increase in colchicine plasma concentrations and risk for side effects. Oral contraceptive use will be permitted, provided the contraceptive has been used for at least two months before starting study medication. Note: HMA-CoA reductase inhibitors ( statins ) in adults only will also be
  • explicitly allowed because of the recent clinical trial data finding it is safe to administer low-dose colchicine even with high-dose statin therapy. The use of over-the-counter and prescription medications will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis; depending on the medication, subjects who have continued to take prescription medication or have stopped taking an exclusionary medication for at least 3 months prior to study entry may be eligible.
• Previous history of agranulocytosis, gout, or significant myositis.

Other illness

• Known allergy to colchicine.
• Individuals who have current substance abuse or a DSM 5 Axis I psychiatric disorder or DSM Axis II Mental Retardation diagnosis that in the opinion of the investigators would impede competence, compliance, or participation in the study.

Lab values

• Individuals with significant medical comorbidities (e.g., NYHA Class III or IV heart failure, or CKD Stage 3b or worse (eGFR \< 60 mL/min/1.73 m2), or American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Class 3 or above) or other serious disorders at the discretion of the investigators.
• HbA1c \> 7.0%
• Type 2 diabetes mellitus, as determined by either having:
  • clear clinical diagnosis of diabetes, such as a patient in a hyperglycemic crisis or classic symptoms of hyperglycemia and a random plasma glucose \>= 200 mg/dL
  • two of the following three:
  • fasting plasma glucose \>= 126 mg/dL
  • Hemoglobin A1c \>= 6.5%
  • An oral glucose tolerance test glucose concentration of \>= 200 mg/dL at 2 hours.
  • one of the above three criteria (bi.-biii.) meeting the T2DM cutoff on two different days.
  • If only one of the above three criteria (bi.-biii.) meet the T2DM threshold during the Screening Visit, that test will be repeated on another day to determine if the subject has T2DM or not. As per ADA guidelines, The diagnosis \[of T2DM\] is made on the basis of the confirmed test.
  • Moreover, because HbA1c has been shown to be higher in African Americans (AA) as compared to other races for the same glycemia, AA who do not have diabetes may be unfairly excluded by their HbA1c alone 96-98. Therefore, for AA subjects, if their fasting and 2h glucose is in the non-diabetes range, and the HbA1c is \< 7.0%, we will consider them not to have diabetes.

Other

• All individuals meeting any of the exclusion criteria at screening or baseline will be excluded from study participation.
• Females who are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, currently nursing an infant, or have irregular menses, defined as cycles less than 21 days or greater than 45 days in premenopausal women.
• Current users of tobacco or nicotine (e.g., nicotine patch, e-cigarettes) products.
• Participation in a formal weight loss program (e.g., Weight Watchers) or recent weight change of more than 3% of body weight in the past two months.
• We will use the same exclusion criteria as employed for randomized participants (see above).

• Good general health. In general subjects should take no medications with the exception of oral/implantable contraceptives, antihypertensive medications like diuretics, or for adults HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statin cholesterol-reducing medications). The use of all over-the-counter and prescription medications will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis; depending on the medication, subjects who have continued to take prescription medication or have stopped taking an exclusionary medication for at least 3 months prior to study entry may be still eligible.
• Age \>= 18y for adults; age 12y to \<18y for adolescents
• Obesity BMI \>= 30 kg/m2 (adults) or BMI \>= 95th percentile for age and sex per Centers for Disease Control Standards (adolescents)
• Weight \<= 450 lbs (204.5 kg) - due to DXA limitations
• For females of reproductive potential: use of highly effective contraception for at least 1 month prior to screening and agreement to use such a method during study participation.
• HOMA-IR \>= 2.6 mg/L, calculated as fasting glucose (in mg/dL) x insulin in (microIU/mL/ 405). Our goal is to enroll participants who have pre-existing insulin resistance.
• hsCRP \>= 2.0 mg/L. We aim to recruit participants with increased baseline level of inflammation. Individuals with hsCRP above 2.0 mg/L have been shown to have an increased risk for cardiovascular events.
• Willing to be randomized (willing and able to give consent/assent as required for randomized study).
  • Participants who will be evaluated but are not eligible for randomization (Evaluation Only Arm) must meet all of the following Inclusion Criteria:
• Good general health. In general subjects should take no medications. The use of over-the-counter and prescription medications will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis; depending on the medication, subjects who have continued to take prescription medication or have stopped taking an exclusionary medication for at least 3 months prior to study entry may still be eligible.
• Age \>= 18y
• BMI \>= 18 kg/m2
• Weight \<= 450 lbs (204.5 kg)
• For females of reproductive potential: use of highly effective contraception for at least 1 month prior to screening and agreement to use such a method during study participation
• Willing and able to provide consent for Evaluation-Only study

Criteria the registry did not label

• INCLUSION CRITERIA:
  • All races/ethnicities and people of all genders are eligible to participate.
  • Participants who will be randomized to colchicine or placebo must meet all of the following