Home High Flow Oxygen to Reduce Acute Exacerbation of COPD

Prior treatment

• Patient treated with chronic NIV with ongoing treatment
• Patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) treated with CPAP. Diagnosis of OSA will be over-ruled in patient that had a previous overnight polygraphy. For patients who never had an overnight polygraphy, screening for OSA will be made using the STOP-BANG questionnaire. If the results of the STOP-BANG questionnaire (Appendix 1) is \>3, an Apnea-link recording will be performed. If AHI\>30/h, patient will be excluded.
• Refusal of high-flow oxygen therapy

Other illness

• Patient admitted for an acute COVID-19 infection
• Hypercapnic respiratory failure justifying NIV defined as
  • An Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) PaCO2 \> 7 kPa in stable condition within 6 months
  • Patients with ABG PaCO2 \> 7 kPa at hospital discharge and that remained hypercapnic between 2- and 4-weeks following discharge
• Significant psychiatric disorder or dementia that would prevent adherence to study protocol
• Expected survival \< 12 months due to any situation other than COPD disease

Age

• Age \<18 or \> 85 years

Other

• BMI \> 35 kg/m2
• Pregnancy (blood pregnancy test positive) or lactation ongoing
• Tobacco use \< 10 pack-year
• Person deprived of liberty by administrative or judicial decision or placed under judicial protection (guardianship or supervision)
• Patients already involved in a research protocol that would impact with the outcome measured in the current protocol

• Patient with a diagnosis of COPD defined by GOLD guidelines
• Admitted in hospital for AECOPD
• With severe respiratory impairment defined by one of the following criteria (long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) criteria):
  • Previously established on long-term oxygen therapy according to the following criteria: PaO2 \< 7.3kPa or \<8kPa with polycythemia, pulmonary hypertension or right heart failure on room air in stable condition Or
  • PaO2 \< 7.3kPa or \<8kPa with polycythemia, pulmonary hypertension or right heart failure on room air after clinical stabilization during the index admission
• Patients affiliated or, beneficiary of a social security cover
• Patient who has read and understood the information letter and signed the consent form
• For woman of childbearing potential, use of an effective contraception (oestro-progestatives or intra-uterine device or tubal ligation) since at least 1 month and an blood pregnancy test by β-HCG negative at the screening visit, during the duration of the study
• For menopausal woman: confirmatory diagnosis (amenorrhea not medically induced for at least 12 months before the inclusion visit)