Canagliflozin in Patients With Acute Decompansted Heart Failure

Prior treatment

• The use of other diuretic therapies including; ≥100 mg/day spironolactone doses, ≥ 100 mg/day eplerenone, metolazone, hydrochlorothiazide, or other thiazides, systemic acetazolamide for the indication of diuretics, triamterene, or amiloride therapy.
• The use of other medications possessing natriuretic effect as nesiritide, or arginine vasopressin antagonists.

Other illness

• Diffuse anasarca with 4+ edema and projected hypervolemia exceeding 18 kg. Severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class C). Patients on hemodialysis Acute myocardial infarction with symptoms of acute ischemia or changes on electrocardiogram

Lab values

• Type 1 diabetes Serum glucose \< 80 mg/dL Systolic blood pressure \< 90 mmHg Requirement of IV inotropic therapy History of hypersensitivity to any SGLT-2 inhibitors Already receiving therapy with an SGLT2 inhibitor Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding Severe anemia (Hemoglobin \< 7.5 g/dL)(24) Severe uncorrected aortic or mitral stenosis Inability to perform standing weights or measure urine output accurately Signs of ketoacidosis and/or hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic syndrome (pH \>7.3 and glucose \> 250 mg/dL and HCO3 \> 18 mmol/L) in diabetic patients at the time of inclusion to the study.

• Randomized within 24 of presentation during hospital admission for hypervolemic ADHF with evidence of congestion defined by the presence of any of the following signs or symptoms:
• Peripheral edema Ascites Jugular venous pressure \> 10 mmHg Orthopnea Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea 2.5 kg weight gain Signs of congestion on chest X-ray or lung ultrasound If pulmonary artery catheterization is available pulmonary capillary wedge pressure \> 19 mmHg plus a systemic physical examination finding of hypervolemia.
• Planned use of intravenous (IV) loop diuretic therapy during the current hospitalization Estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR) \> 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 based on the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation.