Inspiratory Muscle Strength Training in Adults With Obesity

Prior treatment

• Previous bariatric surgery

Other illness

• Overt cardiovascular, neurological, renal, liver, and/or metabolic illness (e.g., diabetes mellitus)
• Current, or history of uncontrolled, Stage 2 hypertension (blood pressure \>140 / 90 mmHg; anti-hypertensive medications are permitted)
• Diagnosis or signs (e.g., values below the lower limit of normal) of overt airway disease(s)
• Per the POWERbreathe® company:
  • Patients who have undergone recent abdominal surgery and those with abdominal hernia.
  • Asthma patients who have a very low symptom perception and suffer from frequent, severe exacerbations or with an abnormally low perception of dyspnea.
  • If a patient is suffering from a ruptured eardrum or any other condition of the ear.
  • Patients with marked elevated left ventricular end-diastolic volume and pressure.
  • Patients with worsening heart failure signs and symptoms after training.
  • If an individual is suffering from a cold, sinusitis or respiratory tract infection, it is advised that they do not use the POWERbreathe device.

Other

• Not weight stable (\<5% change in body mass over the past six months)
• Diagnosed obstructive sleep apnea
• Current or recent (regular use within the past 6 months) use of tobacco or nicotine products (e.g., cigarettes, vaping)
• Pregnant (self-reported and confirmed via urine pregnancy test), lactating (self-reported), or post-menopausal (self-reported) females
• Prisoners

• \- Body mass index 30 - 40 kg/m2