Testing the Addition of High Dose, Targeted Radiation to the Usual Treatment for Locally-Advanced Inoperable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Prior treatment

• Prior radiotherapy to the study cancer (local recurrence). Prior radiotherapy for a different cancer/condition to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fields that is determined by the treating physician to impede the treatment of the study malignancy
• Participants of childbearing potential (participants who may become pregnant or who may impregnate a partner) unwilling to use highly effective contraceptives during therapy and for the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-labeled contraception timeframe required after the final dose of the selected systemic therapy regimen, because the treatment in this study may be significantly teratogenic

Other illness

• Centrally located primary tumor \< 2 cm from involved nodal disease that would result in significant overlap of the primary SBRT and nodal radiation fields. This does not include proximity to involved segmental and subsegmental lymph nodes (levels 13 and 14) that would not result in overlap of dose to the proximal bronchial tree or esophagus. Centrally located is defined as within or touching the zone of the proximal bronchial tree, which is a volume 2 cm in all directions around the proximal bronchial tree (carina, right and left main bronchi, right and left upper lobe bronchi, intermedius bronchus, right middle lobe bronchus, lingular bronchus right and left lower lobe bronchi)

Other

• Patients without identifiable primary tumor and at least 1 pathologically enlarged lymph node are not eligible (T3-4N0 or T0N1-3 patients are not eligible). At least 1 radiographically-involved lymph node is required, but pathologic confirmation of involvement is not mandated
• Participants who are pregnant or unwilling to discontinue nursing

• Pathologically (histologically or cytologically) proven diagnosis of non-operable stage IIB or III, node positive (American Joint Committee on Cancer \[AJCC\] eighth edition) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with known PD-L1 status prior to registration
  • Patients must have an identified primary tumor and at least one nodal metastasis (peribronchial/hilar/intrapulmonary, mediastinal/subcarinal, supraclavicular/scalene)
  • Up to 4 cycles of systemic therapy received prior to registration for the current study cancer is allowable; any prior chemotherapy for a different cancer is also permissible
  • Patients who refuse surgery, in addition to those who are technically unresectable or medically inoperable, are eligible.
  • Patients with separate tumor nodules in the same lobe of the primary tumor are eligible
• The patient must be deemed clinically appropriate for curative intent definitive combined modality therapy, based on the following staging assessments:
  • History/physical examination prior to registration;
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the brain (preferred) or CT scan of the brain (if available, contrast is preferred for all neuroimaging) prior to registration;
  • CT chest with IV contrast (if contrast is available and unless contraindicated, such as for abnormal kidney function) prior to registration. PET/CT may be used if the CT portion is of identical diagnostic quality as achieved in a stand-alone CT
• No evidence of distant metastases based on FDG PET/CT scan obtained within 60 days of registration
• Primary tumor =\< 7 cm
• Age \>= 18
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-2
• Hematologic function (e.g. platelets, leukocytes, hemoglobin) amenable, at the discretion of the treating physician, to allow for treatment with chemotherapy and concurrent radiation therapy
• Creatinine clearance \>= 25 mL/min by the Cockcroft-Gault (C-G) equation
• Subjects with non-malignant pleural effusion are eligible provided the effusion is not known or demonstrated to be an exudative effusion
  • If a pleural effusion is present, the following criteria must be met to exclude malignant involvement:
  • When pleural fluid is visible on both the CT scan and on a chest x-ray, a pleuracentesis is required to confirm that the pleural fluid is cytologically negative;
  • Effusions that are minimal (i.e., not visible on chest x-ray) that are too small to safely tap are eligible
• Medical history consistent with the patient being amenable, at the discretion of the treating physician, to allow for treating with consolidation immunotherapy. Patients with known EGFR/ALK/other driver mutation at the time of registration are eligible, and these patients can be treated with consolidation systemic therapy at the discretion of the treating physician
• Patients with a prior or concurrent malignancy whose natural history or treatment does not have the potential to interfere with the safety or efficacy assessment of the investigational regimen
• Negative pregnancy test =\< 14 days prior to registration for participants of childbearing potential
• The patient or a legally authorized representative must provide study-specific informed consent prior to study entry and, for patients treated in the United States (U.S.), authorization permitting release of personal health information