Exercise for Cognitive Excellence in Parkinson's Disease

Prior treatment

• A diagnosis of atypical parkinsonism, drug-induced parkinsonism, essential tremor, primary dystonia or other diagnoses that explain symptoms other than PD.
• Use of neuroleptics/dopamine receptor blockers for more than 30 days in the year prior to baseline visit, or any use within 30 days of baseline visit.
• Recent use of psychotropic medications (e.g., recent use of psychotropic medications (i.e., anxiolytics, hypnotics, benzodiazepines, antidepressants) where dosage has not been stable for more than 30 days prior to screening.
• Receipt of any non-PD investigational product or device or participation in a non-PD drug research study within a period of 30 days (or 5 half-lives of the drug, whichever is longer) before baseline.

Other illness

• A diagnosis of a significant neurological disease other than PD that would interfere with ability to perform study procedures or assessments.
• Significant cognitive impairment defined as Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)\<23 or any impairment that would, in the opinion of the investigator, interfere with ability to follow exercise directions.
• Uncontrolled hypertension (resting blood pressure \>150/90 mmHg).
• Serious illness (requiring systemic treatment and/or hospitalization) within the last 4 weeks.
• History of any other medical problem or injury that may interfere with ability to exercise.
• History of frequent falls (i.e. falling multiple times per week) or considered high fall risk based on investigator assessment

Lab values

• Presence of known cardiovascular, metabolic, or renal disease or individuals with major signs or symptoms suggestive of cardiovascular, metabolic, or renal disease without medical clearance to participate in the exercise program.
• Presence of any of the following laboratory abnormalities on screening labs:
  • Abnormal liver function (AST or ALT more than 2 times the upper limit of normal)
  • Abnormal renal function (creatinine clearance calculated by the Cockcroft-Gault equation \<50mL/min or estimated glomerular filtration rate using the MDRD4 equation or the CKD-EPI equation \<45mL/min/1.73m2)
  • Complete Blood Count out of range on screening labs and physician's judgment that abnormal value is clinically significant.
• Condition that precludes the safe performance of routine lumbar puncture, including:
  • INR \> 1.4 or other coagulopathy
  • Platelet cell count of \< 50,000/μL
  • Infection at the desired lumbar puncture site
  • Taking anti-coagulant medication within 90 days of baseline (Note: low dose aspirin is permitted)
  • Suspected non-communicating hydrocephalus or intracranial mass
  • Prohibitive lumbar spinal disease

Other

• Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI) score \> 16, indicating depression that precludes ability to exercise.
• Orthostatic hypotension and standing systolic BP below 100. Orthostatic hypotension is a reduction of systolic blood pressure of at least 20 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure of at least 10 mm Hg within 3 minutes of standing.
• Already participating in 120 minutes or more of moderate intensity exercise per week.
• Enrollment in another investigational study that includes an intervention; participation in non-interventional studies may be permitted
• Lack of access to computer/tablet and WiFi or any other technical challenges that in the opinion of the investigator would prevent participation in the virtually supervised exercise training program.

• Diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) based on MDS criteria, with bradykinesia plus one of the other cardinal signs of PD (resting tremor, rigidity), without any other known or suspected cause of parkinsonism.
• Modified Hoehn and Yahr stage less than 4
• Age 40-80 years at time of screening
• If being treated with PD symptomatic medications (i.e.g., rasagiline, carbidopa/levodopa, dopamine agonists, amantadine, anti-cholinergics), stable doses for greater than or equal to 2 months prior to baseline. If not being treated with PD symptomatic medication at time of screening, deemed unlikely to require symptomatic medication for next 6 months.