New Method to Differentiate Benign and Malignant Pulmonary Nodules.

Prior treatment

• Severe vascular lesions within the last 3 months, or known significant active infection, during acute/chronic tuberculosis infection, or severe cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, dysfunction of liver and renal, or significant endocrine and metabolic disorders, or other serious concomitant diseases that are not controlled;

Other illness

• History of malignant disease;
• The specialist/surgeon assessed that puncture or surgery is not available, with contraindication such as coagulation disorders, cardiorespiratory insufficiency, etc.;
• History of uncontrolled epilepsy, central nervous system disease, or psychiatric disorders, that may affect the signing of informed consent;
• Other conditions deemed by the investigator to be unsuitable for enrollment.

Other

• Imaging examination have suggested the possibility of metastasis at other sites;
• ≥2 target lesions with different type categorized by density;
• Pregnant or breastfeeding women;

• Age ≥18 years;
• CT imaging shows the presence of pulmonary nodule \<3cm which is scheduled for puncture biopsy or surgery (i.e., the target lesion), the presence of ≥2 target lesions of the same type (categorized by density) are allowed;
• Subjects are in good condition with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scale of 0-2;
• Subjects with fair vital organ function, defined as: white blood cells ≥3.0×10\^9/L, platelets ≥75×10\^9/L, hemoglobin ≥90g/L, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase ≤2.5 times the upper limit of normal values, and serum creatinine \<178μmol/L;
• Subjects must have the ability to understand and sign the informed consent in writing voluntarily.