Prevalence of Steatosis and Steatohepatitis in Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery; a Biopsy-based Study

Prior treatment

• Patients who had undergone liver transplantation.

Other illness

• Patients with cardiac failure and significant valvular disease.
• Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of active malignancy or another terminal disease.

Other

• Patients with ascites.
• Pregnant women.
• Patients with any active implantable medical device (such as pacemaker or defibrillator).
• Patients with hemochromatosis.
• Patients who refused to undergo liver biopsy or blood tests.
• Patients with alcohol consumption above recommended limits (\>14 units/week for women and \>21 units/week for men; 1 unit = 8 g of ethanol).
• Patients participating in another clinical trial within the preceding 30 days

• Patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy ≥18 years of age.
• Able to give written informed consent.
• Scheduled, independently from this study, to have a liver biopsy (LB).
• Negative for hepatitis B surface antigen, anti-hepatitis C virus, hepatitis C virus-RNA, and hepatitis B virus DNA.
• BMI greater than or equal to 40, or BMI greater than or equal to 35 with at least one obesity-related comorbid condition (including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), GERD, asthma, venous stasis disease, severe osteoarthritis, or considerably impaired quality of life).
• Unsuccessful nonoperative weight loss attempts.
• Mental health clearance.
• Recent updates have included patients with a BMI of 30-35 with uncontrollable type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome as an indication for a laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.