The Renal Protective Effects of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Prior treatment

• Patients who may have medication changes during RIC or sham-RIC intervention
• Patients with cardiogenic embolism (atrial fibrillation) or other severe arrhythmias (severe bradycardia, third-degree atrioventricular block, or ventricular tachycardia), previous myocardial infarction, or severe heart failure (New York Heart Association Class III and IV)

Other illness

• Patients with nephrotic syndrome
• Patients with contraindications to RIC, such as vascular injury, soft tissue injury, fracture, infection, or known peripheral vascular disease in both arms
• Patients with a history of hemostatic disorders, systemic bleeding, or thrombocytopenia
• Uncontrolled hypertension (defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 200 mmHg despite antihypertensive treatment)
• Patients with respiratory failure, malignant tumors, or other autoimmune diseases

Lab values

• Patients with a history of diabetes or glycated hemoglobin \> 8%
• Patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (\>5.5 mmol/L) accompanied by high low-density lipoprotein (\>2.5 mmol/L)

Other

• Patients with acute kidney injury
• Patients who have undergone renal replacement treatment in the past
• Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding at the time of enrollment or any time during the study

• CKD Patients with eGFR ≥ 15ml/min/1.73m2
• Age ≥ 18 years old
• 24-hour urine protein excretion ≤ 3.5g
• Subjects who have signed the informed consent form