Effects of Low-Sodium Salt on Death, HF Hospitalization/ Emergency Department Visits and Quality of Life in HF Patients

Other illness

• End-stage heart failure;
• Malignant cancer patients with a life expectancy of less than 1 year;
• Conditions that, in the investigator's opinion, may interfere with adherence to the protocol, such as habitual reliance on takeout meals or dining at company cafeterias;

Lab values

• Uncorrected hyponatremia (Na \< 130 mmol/L);
• Dialysis-dependent patients, or eGFR \< 20 mL/min/1.73m²;
• Uncontrolled hyperglycemia, with fasting blood glucose \> 16 mmol/L;

Other

• Hospitalization due to cardiovascular causes within the past month;
• Planned hospitalization during the study period;
• Unexplained weight loss greater than 5 kg in the past year;
• The subject or family members have concerns about using the salt substitute in this study, or are planning for pregnancy, pregnant, or breastfeeding;
• Another family member is already participating in this study;
• The subject or family members are participating in other interventional clinical trials.

• Aged between 18 and 75 years;
• Hospitalized due to heart failure in the past year;
• NYHA functional class II-III;
• Echocardiographic evidence of LVEF \< 40% within the past 6 months;
• Receiving guideline-directed medical therapy for heart failure;
• Stable heart failure status, defined as heart failure stability for more than 4 weeks, with no increase in diuretic dose within the past 4 weeks;
• Having a primary caregiver and frequently dining together at home;
• Consuming commercially processed food no more than once a week;
• Providing written informed consent.