Transbronchial MWA for Pulmonary Tumors

Prior treatment

• Diffuse lesions in both lungs, for which ablation therapy is ineffective;
• Concurrent malignancies with widespread metastasis, with an expected survival of less than three months;
• Lesions planned for ablation have received radiotherapy within the past six months;
• Participation in any other clinical trial within three months prior to signing the informed consent form (non-interventional studies excluded);

Other illness

• Severe hemorrhagic tendency, or uncorrectable coagulation disorders (PT \> 18 seconds, PTA \< 40%);
• Severe pulmonary function impairment, with a maximal ventilatory volume \< 40%;
• Poor overall condition (including widespread metastasis, severe infection, high fever), infectious or radiation-induced inflammation surrounding the lesion, significant cachexia, severe organ dysfunction, severe anemia, or nutritional and metabolic disturbances that cannot be corrected in the short term;
• Active hepatitis B, active hepatitis C, known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (HIV-1/2 antibody positive), or other active infections that may impact the patient's ability to undergo treatment as determined by the investigator;
• History of epilepsy, psychiatric disorders, or cognitive impairments;
• Patients with implanted cardiac pacemakers;
• Any other conditions deemed by the investigator as unsuitable for participation in this clinical trial.

Lab values

• Platelet count \< 70 × 10\^9/L, or ongoing anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet therapy that has not been discontinued for more than one week prior to ablation (with the exception of prophylactic low-molecular-weight heparin use);

Other

• Preoperative evaluation within one month reveals the presence of intrathoracic lymph node metastasis or extrapulmonary metastasis (excluding cases where extrapulmonary metastasis has been locally controlled);
• Contraindications to bronchoscopy, or inability to tolerate or comply with bronchoscopic procedures;
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status score \> 2 ;
• Patients wearing metal jewelry or clothing with metallic components;
• Pregnant or lactating women, and individuals planning to conceive or become pregnant during the study period;

• Age ≥18 years old;
• Pathologically diagnosed as primary peripheral lung cancer, preoperative staging suggested clinical staging as T1N0M0, stage IA (including new-onset lung cancer after surgery and multiple primary lung cancer). Or it is a metastatic lung tumor, the primary lesion has been completely resected, and the maximum diameter of the tumor is ≤3cm, the number of tumors requiring intervention is ≤3.
• The lesion to be ablated has been evaluated as feasible for microwave ablation treatment under bronchoscopy guidance.
• Agree to undergo transbronchial MWA as initial treatment after being assessed unsuitable for surgery and radiotherapy or refusing surgery and radiotherapy, and sign informed consent.