Disease Characteristics of R-CAD

Prior treatment

• Receiving immunosuppressive therapy within 6 months.
• Previous enrollment in this study.

Other illness

• Other moderate to severe heart diseases (congenital heart disease, valvular heart disease, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, pericardial diseases, pulmonary hypertension, heart failure, arrhythmia, et al).
• Active malignancy (diagnosed within 12 months or with ongoing requirement for treatment).
• Vital organ failure.
• Risk of non-compliance (history of drug addiction or alcohol abuse, et al).
• Any condition, which in the opinion of the investigators, would make it unsuitable for the patient to participate in this study.

Other

• Coronary restenosis due to mechanical factors (stent under-expansion, stent mal-apposition, stent rupture, et al).
• Life expectancy \< 1 year.
• In pregnancy or breast-feeding, or with intention to be pregnant during the study period.
• Participation in another study within 30 days.
• Involvement in the planning and conduct of this study (applying to investigators, contract research organization staffs, study site staffs, et al).

• Case Group (R-CAD patients):
• 18 years of age or older, male or female.
• Negative results of urine or blood pregnancy test for females with childbearing potential (not post-menopausal or surgically sterile).
• Prior history of coronary revascularization (PCI or CABG).
• Receiving standard treatment for secondary prevention of AS-CAD after the latest coronary revascularization.
• Rapidly progressive myocardial ischemia leading to hospitalization and/or coronary revascularization:
  • Typical symptoms of angina (Canadian Cardiovascular Society \[CCS\] classification III-IV) and non-invasive evidence of myocardial ischemia; and
  • Occurred within 6 months of the latest ischemia-driven hospitalization and/or coronary revascularization.
• Rapidly progressive coronary lesions leading to myocardial ischemia:
  • Angiographic evidence of new-onset or worsened coronary de novo or restenotic lesions relevant to myocardial ischemia, and
  • Occurred within 6 months of the latest ischemia-driven coronary angiography and/or revascularization.
  • Control Group (NR-CAD patients):
• 35 to 75 years old\*, male or female. (\* Based on the age distribution characteristics of patients who have been diagnosed as R-CAD.)
• Negative results of urine or blood pregnancy test for females with childbearing potential (not post-menopausal or surgically sterile).
• Currently, at 12±6 months after the latest PCI.
• Receiving standard treatment for secondary prevention of AS-CAD after the latest PCI.
• Coronary angiography and/or optical coherence tomography (OCT) performed during the index hospitalization.
• No evidence of rapidly progressive myocardial ischemia and coronary lesions, i.e., not fulfilling items 5) and 6) of the inclusion criteria for R-CAD.