SAfety and eFfectiveness of cathetER Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation With Intracranial Hemorrhage (SAFER-AF)

Prior treatment

• End-stage renal failure or receiving dialysis treatment

Other illness

• Uncontrolled hypertension (systolic blood pressure \> 160 mmHg)
• Presence of uncontrolled active bleeding
• Presence of active infection requiring antibiotic treatment
• Presence of liver failure
• Untreated coronary artery disease with indication for revascularization
• Expected life expectancy \< 1 year (e.g., advanced malignant tumors, etc.)
• Presence of psychological or psychiatric disorders that prevent understanding or cooperation with the study
• Other conditions deemed unsuitable for participation in the study by the investigators

Other

• Atrial fibrillation secondary to clearly reversible causes (e.g., hyperthyroidism, hypokalemia, etc.)
• Fully dependent (modified Rankin Scale \[mRS\] score \> 4)
• Presence of intracardiac masses, thrombi, etc., as evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography or transesophageal echocardiography
• Pregnant, lactating, or women planning to become pregnant

• Age ≥ 18 years
• Between 14 Days and 12 Months After Spontaneous Intracranial Hemorrhage (intraparenchymal or intraventricular hemorrhage, and subdural hematoma)
• Able to Access Intracranial Hemorrhage Imaging Data
• ECG indicating the presence of atrial fibrillation
• CHA₂DS₂-VA Score ≥ 2
• Willing to undergo randomization and able to complete follow-up as required