Local Treatment Strategies for Brain Metastases of Colorectal Cancer

Prior treatment

• Prior local treatment for brain metastases at an outside institution with no available records, precluding determination of the first local treatment modality

Other illness

• Synchronous or metachronous multiple primary malignancies (MPM) involving sites other than the colon or rectum
• Histologically confirmed non-epithelial gastrointestinal malignancy (e.g., neuroendocrine tumors, sarcoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, lymphoma);

Other

• Primary tumor located outside the gastrointestinal tract;
• Isolated spinal cord involvement without brain parenchymal metastases;
• Incomplete medical records precluding assessment of at least one primary endpoint (OS, TTIP, or CNS-PFS). Patients with available data for any primary endpoint are eligible, even if other clinical details are missing.

• Male and female patients aged 18 years or older;
• Histologically confirmed epithelial malignancy of the colon or rectum (colorectal adenocarcinoma). Patients with synchronous or metachronous multiple primary tumors within the colon or rectum are eligible;
• Radiologically ± histologically confirmed brain metastases, including:
  • Solid brain parenchymal metastases
  • Leptomeningeal disease (LMD)
  • Both solid metastases and LMD