Effects of High-frequency Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal rTMS on Heart-brain Coupling in Women With Recurrent Pregnancy Loss and Elevated BMI

Other illness

• 1.Presence of contraindications to transcranial magnetic stimulation or elevated seizure risk, including but not limited to epilepsy or a history of unexplained seizures, intracranial ferromagnetic metal implantation, or the presence of electronic or metallic implanted devices within 30 cm of the coil that are judged unsuitable for transcranial magnetic stimulation.
• 3.Hemodynamic instability or cardiovascular abnormalities that may substantially affect interpretation of the primary endpoint, including systolic blood pressure \>180 mmHg or \<90 mmHg, atrial fibrillation or other clinically significant arrhythmias, valvular heart disease, marked sinus bradycardia, symptomatic coronary artery disease, or other cardiovascular conditions judged by the research team to make participation unsuitable.
• 4.Uncontrolled major medical or neurologic disorders, particularly those that may substantially affect autonomic state, ECG recording, or interpretation of the primary endpoint, including uncontrolled thyroid dysfunction, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, significant cerebrovascular disease, neurologic disorders, or active pulmonary disease.
• 6.Severe psychiatric disorders that may affect study safety or adherence, including schizophrenia spectrum disorders, bipolar disorder during a manic or hypomanic episode, delirium, and active substance use disorder.
• 8.Recent medication-related confounding risk, including current withdrawal from alcohol, sedative-hypnotics, or other relevant substances, or initiation, discontinuation, or dose adjustment within the preceding 2 weeks of medications that may substantially affect seizure threshold, autonomic function, ECG-related indices, or interpretation of the primary endpoint.
• 9.Any other condition judged by the research team to make participation inappropriate.

Other

• 2.Current pregnancy.
• 5.Presence of significant suicide risk.
• 7.Severe anxiety or severe depression, defined as a Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale total score of ≥25 or a 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale total score of ≥24.

• 1.Female participants aged 18-45 years and right-handed.
• 2.Fulfillment of the prespecified definition of recurrent pregnancy loss in this study, defined as at least two consecutive spontaneous miscarriages occurring before 28 weeks of gestation.
• 3.BMI ≥24 kg/m², classified as overweight or obesity according to the Chinese adult criteria for overweight and obesity.
• 4.Currently not pregnant and in a clinically stable condition. If there is a recent history of missed abortion, appropriate management must have been completed and obstetric assessment must confirm the absence of acute vaginal bleeding, infection, marked abdominal pain, or hemodynamic instability.
• 5.Ability to understand the study procedures, provide written informed consent, and cooperate with scale assessment, transcranial magnetic stimulation safety screening, and the single-session rTMS-ECG protocol.