The Cognitive Protective Effect of VR-based Cognitive Training in Type 2 Diabetes Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment

Prior treatment

• Contraindications for MRI scans, such as the presence of metallic prostheses, pacemakers, cochlear implants, or other metallic implants, or claustrophobia;
• Currently taking medications intended to improve cognitive function.

Other illness

• Suffering from other dementia-related neurological disorders (such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, etc.) or severe mental illness;
• History of central nervous system disorders, including traumatic brain injury, intracranial hemorrhage, acute cerebral infarction, etc.;
• Severe sinusitis, space-occupying lesions in the nasopharynx, or congenital disorders affecting the sense of smell,or a history of trauma;
• Glaucoma, severe dry eye syndrome, uncorrected strabismus, severe diabetic retinopathy,or severe motion sickness, making the user unable to tolerate VR devices;
• History of acute diabetic complications within the past 3 months (diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, severe hypoglycemia, etc.);
• Severe impairment of vital organ function, including cardiac, hepatic, or renal dysfunction;
• Known or suspected history of allergy to study-related materials;

Other

• Pregnant or breastfeeding women, or women planning to become pregnant during the study;
• Participation in other clinical trials currently or within the past 3 months;

• Aged 45-80 years; gender is not restricted;
• Participants must meet the diagnostic criteria for diabetes outlined in the \*Chinese Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes (2020 Edition)\*, namely: patients exhibit typical symptoms of diabetes and meet one of the following conditions: 1) HbA1c ≥ 6.5%; 2) Fasting blood glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L. Fasting is defined as no caloric intake for at least 8 hours; 3) 2-hour postprandial blood glucose ≥11.1 mmol/L following an oral glucose tolerance test; 4) Random blood glucose ≥11.1 mmol/L;
• Stable glycemic control regimen for 3 months or longer;
• Completed a systematic neuropsychological assessment and meets Petersen criteria for Mild Cognitive Impairment, satisfying the following conditions: 1) The patient or a caregiver subjectively perceives a decline in cognitive function; 2) Assessment results indicate impairment in one or more cognitive domains; 3) There is mild impairment in complex instrumental activities of daily living, but the patient maintains independence in basic activities of daily living; 4) Does not yet meet the diagnostic criteria for dementia;
• Has an educational level of elementary school or higher and is able to cooperate in completing the assessment, VR training, and various examinations;
• Cooperate in undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations;
• Voluntarily participates in this study, signs an informed consent form, and is able to comply with the study protocol requirements to complete follow-up.