Neoadjuvant Short-Course Radiotherapy Plus Tislelizumab and Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Resectable Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Prior treatment

• Prior treatment with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors or other immunomodulatory agents targeting T-cell receptors (e.g., CTLA-4, OX40)
• Systemic corticosteroids (\>10 mg prednisone daily or equivalent) or other immunosuppressive agents within 14 days before first study treatment
• Primary or acquired immunodeficiency, organ transplantation, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
• Live vaccine within 4 weeks before first study treatment

Other illness

• Active or suspected autoimmune disease, including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, except type 1 diabetes controlled by replacement therapy, hypothyroidism, or skin disorders not requiring systemic therapy
• History of grade ≥2 interstitial lung disease
• History of drug abuse or psychiatric disorder

Lab values

• Severe uncontrolled cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease: Uncontrolled hypertension or pulmonary hypertension. Unstable angina, myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass grafting, or stent implantation within 6 months. NYHA class ≥2 chronic heart failure. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) \<50%.
  • Clinically significant arrhythmia requiring treatment. Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or transient ischemic attack (TIA) within 6 months. Uncontrolled active infection requiring systemic antibiotics. Positive HIV test, active hepatitis B or hepatitis C infection (exceptions: HBV DNA \<500 IU/mL; HCV RNA undetectable).
  • Active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Other active malignancy within the previous 2 years, except adequately treated thyroid cancer, carcinoma in situ of the cervix, basal/squamous cell skin cancer, or ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast
• Any other severe medical, psychiatric, or laboratory abnormality that, in the investigator's opinion, would increase study-related risk or interfere with result interpretation.

Other

• Uncontrolled pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, or ascites requiring repeated drainage
• Pregnant or lactating women

• Voluntarily provided written informed consent prior to any study-related procedures
• Aged 18 to 75 years, male or female
• Life expectancy of at least 3 months
• Predicted to achieve R0 surgical resection
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1
• Histologically confirmed, treatment-naive, resectable locally advanced thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) meeting the staging criteria: T1 N1-3 M0 or T2-4a N0-3 M0 (T2 ≥3 cm or poorly differentiated). No suspected metastatic cervical lymph nodes (except for upper thoracic esophageal cancer regional lymph nodes) on neck ultrasound or contrast-enhanced CT, and no distant metastasis on imaging
• Presence of measurable tumor lesions.
• Adequate organ function defined by laboratory parameters: Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥1.5×10⁹/L; platelet count ≥100×10⁹/L; hemoglobin ≥90 g/L. Total bilirubin ≤1.5×ULN; AST and ALT ≤2.5×ULN. Serum creatinine ≤1.5×ULN or calculated creatinine clearance ≥60 mL/min. INR ≤1.5, PT and APTT ≤1.5×ULN
• Men and women of childbearing potential must use effective contraception during treatment and for 6 months after the last dose of study treatment
• Good compliance and ability to complete scheduled follow-up.