Emergency Department-Initiated Team-Based Care for Severe Hypertension

Prior treatment

• Prior transplant of any type.
• Currently prescribed four or more antihypertensive medications.

Other illness

• Hypertensive emergency syndrome, acute target-organ injury requiring inpatient care, an acute cardiovascular, neurologic, or renal condition requiring immediate inpatient or procedural management, or any other need for hospital admission.
• Stage 3B chronic kidney disease or estimated glomerular filtration rate below 45 mL/min/1.73 m2.
• Severe blood pressure elevation thought to be due to secondary hypertension, medication effect, or drug or stimulant use requiring a different management pathway.
• Major psychiatric disorder, dementia, or another condition that in the investigator's judgment would make participation unsafe or impractical.
• Any other condition that, in the investigator's judgment, would compromise participant safety, informed consent, or data integrity.

Lab values

• Systolic heart failure with known left ventricular ejection fraction below 40%.

Other

• Unable to verbalize comprehension of the study or complete the teach-back consent process.
• Pregnant or planning to become pregnant during the next year.
• Severe blood pressure elevation suspected by the treating clinician to be primarily due to uncontrolled pain or anxiety; the person may be reassessed after symptom control.
• Standardized research blood pressure below 140/90 mm Hg.
• Excessive alcohol use, defined as 21 or more drinks per week for men or 14 or more drinks per week for women.
• Inability or unwillingness to perform home blood pressure monitoring according to protocol.

• Age 18 through 85 years.
• Two or more emergency department blood pressure measurements with systolic blood pressure \>=180 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure \>=110 mm Hg.
• History of episodic hypertension management, defined as evidence that hypertension care has been intermittent, fragmented, or primarily reactive rather than supported by stable longitudinal outpatient management. This includes one or more of the following: recurrent ED or urgent care visits for elevated blood pressure or blood-pressure-related concerns; no established primary care clinician or usual source of care; no documented outpatient hypertension follow-up; no recent antihypertensive medication initiation, adjustment, or titration despite persistently elevated blood pressure; or, for a person without a formal hypertension diagnosis, at least two prior healthcare encounters with blood pressure \>160/90 mm Hg.
• Verbal fluency in English.
• The treating clinician expects discharge rather than inpatient admission and does not identify hypertensive emergency syndrome, acute target-organ injury requiring inpatient care, or another condition requiring admission or alternative immediate management.