Role of Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Inflammatory Biomarkers as Prognostic Tools for Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy

Other illness

• Patients with non-diabetic causes of chronic kidney disease (e.g., glomerulonephritis, polycystic kidney disease, obstructive uropathy).
• Patients with acute kidney injury, active urinary tract infection, or other acute inflammatory/infectious conditions that could confound inflammatory biomarker levels.
• Patients on dialysis or with a history of renal transplantation.

Lab values

• Patients with conditions known to independently alter triglyceride/glucose levels or hematological parameters (PLR, NLR, SII) were excluded, including uncontrolled thyroid disease, active malignancy, current corticosteroid or immunosuppressive therapy, pregnancy, or severe hepatic dysfunction affecting lipid/glucose metabolism; hematological disorders such as hematological malignancies, or thrombocytopenia/thrombocytosis of nondiabetic origin; active infection, sepsis, and recent blood transfusion or use of medications affecting blood cell counts (e.g., chemotherapy, anticoagulants affecting platelet function).

• Adult patients (≥18 years).
• Patients diagnosed with Type 2 or Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.
• Patients accepted to provide informed consent and available for clinical examination, blood sampling, and completion of required laboratory investigations (Triglyceride level, fasting glucose, inflammatory markers).