Development and Validation of Risk Prediction Models for Stroke and Cognitive Impairment in Moyamoya Disease and Moyamoya Syndrome

Prior treatment

• Receipt of an investigational drug or device within 30 days before screening, or current participation in another interventional clinical trial that may interfere with this study.
• Previous cerebral revascularization surgery.

Other illness

• Coexisting cerebrovascular malformation, intracranial tumor, hydrocephalus, or another disorder that may independently affect stroke or cognitive outcomes.
• Severe visual impairment, aphasia, impaired consciousness, psychiatric illness, or another disorder that prevents valid cognitive assessment, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, or frontotemporal dementia.
• Cardiac conditions that may cause cardioembolic stroke, including atrial fibrillation, patent foramen ovale or other right-to-left shunting cardiac disease, intracardiac mural thrombus, or infective endocarditis; or severe hepatic or renal dysfunction, coagulation disorders, malignancy, or severe cardiopulmonary disease.

Other

• Refusal to participate or inability to complete follow-up.
• Pregnancy or breastfeeding.

• Age 12 to 70 years.
• Diagnosis of moyamoya disease or moyamoya syndrome by DSA, CTA or MRA.
• Ability to complete neurological and cognitive assessments.
• Ability to complete at least 12 months of clinical follow-up and willingness, in principle, to complete 24 months of follow-up.
• At least one analyzable baseline vascular imaging examination in original DICOM format, including CTA, MRA, or DSA.
• Written informed consent provided by the participant and/or legally authorized representative.