Long Term Effect of Brain Stimulation in PPA

Prior treatment

• Participation in another clinical trial within the previous 4 months;
• Chronic use of medications that could affect study outcomes;
• Antiepileptic drugs: allowed if on stable doses for at least 3 months before inclusion. If needed during the study due to seizure occurrence, they may be added;
• Diazepam and derivatives: permitted only if on stable doses for at least 3 months before inclusion. Dose adjustments during the study are allowed;
• Donepezil, Galantamine, Rivastigmine, and Memantine: allowed if on stable doses for at least 3 months before inclusion;
• SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors): permitted only if on stable doses for at least 3 months prior to inclusion. If necessary during the study, they may be added;
• Medications that may lower the seizure threshold (e.g., tricyclic antidepressants, antipsychotics): allowed if on stable doses for at least 3 months before inclusion.

Other illness

• Patient diagnosed with a condition other than PPA that could cause language impairment;
• History of epilepsy or presence of focal epileptiform pathology on EEG recording; ·Contraindications related to the treatments or procedures to be used (TMS and tDCS), such as ferromagnetic material, pregnancy, or breastfeeding;
• Terminal illness or active malignancy;
• Major psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorders, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or personality disorders);

Other

• Alcohol or substance abuse within the past year;
• Absolute inability to communicate (mutism), or poor command of the language that, in the investigator's judgment, would prevent participation in the study;
• Severity of PPA that prevents participation in interventions or assessments at the time of inclusion;

• Diagnosis of PPA according to the current consensus criteria proposed by Gorno-Tempini et al., 2011), based on the presence of progressive language impairment as the most prominent and primary cause of functional decline and the exclusion of other medical, psychiatric, or non-neurodegenerative causes,a s well as early prominent memory, visuoperceptual or behavioral disturbances;
• Diagnosis of one of the three variants of PPA (non-fluent, semantic, or logopenic) according to the consensus criteria (Gorno-Tempini et al., 2011), based on the language profile and supported by neuroimaging (FDG-PET or MRI).
• Clinical Dementia Rating scale equal or less than 1;
• The language impairment is the main neurological deficit for the patient.