Effects of Testicular Self-Examination Training Methods on Students' Behaviors and Health Beliefs
Key facts
- Who runs it
- Yeditepe University
- Where
- Türkiye1 site in 1 countryChoose a country to see its sites
- Trial code
- Status
- Completed
- People taking part
- 122 people enrolled
- Started
- 6 Jan 2025
- Ended
- 5 Jan 2026
- Type of study
- Interventional, 3 groups
- Treatments tested
- Educational Brochure and Audio Recording
- Educational Brochure
- Control Group
- Record updated
- 6 October 2026
Who can take part
- Age
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- Men only
- Healthy volunteers
- Can take part
The registry criteria, word for word
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Who can take part
- Being biologically male
- Being an active university student enrolled at the university
- Being aged 18 years or older
- Having native or fluent Turkish literacy (reading and writing)
- Having access to a technological device (smartphone, computer, or tablet) with an active internet connection to access digital materials and surveys
- Voluntary agreement to participate in the study and providing informed consent
Who cannot take part
- Previous clinical diagnosis of testicular cancer or any other testicular/scrotal malignancy
- Having undergone major scrotal or testicular surgery (e.g., orchiectomy)
- Prior formal or professional training on testicular self-examination (TSE) within the last 6 months
- Inability to complete the educational intervention or follow-up assessments due to sensory or cognitive impairments
This trial has no sites in United States.
It has sites in one country. Choose a country to see its sites.
About the trial
What the trial wants to find out
The goal of this cluster randomized controlled trial is to evaluate and compare the effects of different testicular self-examination (TSE) training methods on university students' health beliefs and self-examination behaviors regarding testicular cancer (TC) and TSE.
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The main questions it aims to answer are:
* Does receiving brochure-based education or brochure plus audio recordings of TC patient experiences improve students' health beliefs (perceived susceptibility, seriousness, benefits, self-efficacy, and reduced barriers)? * Which educational method is more effective in increasing the frequency and performance of testicular self-examination behaviors compared to a control group?
Researchers will compare three groups:
* Intervention Group 1: Receives an educational brochure on TC and TSE. * Intervention Group 2: Receives an educational brochure combined with audio recordings of testicular cancer survivor/patient experiences. * Control Group: Receives no specific educational intervention during the study period.
Participants will:
* Complete baseline questionnaires regarding demographic information, TC/TSE knowledge, health beliefs, and baseline examination practices. * Receive the assigned educational material/session according to their randomized cluster. * Complete follow-up evaluations at 3 months post-intervention to assess changes in health beliefs, knowledge, and TSE behaviors.
The 3 groups in the trial
- Intervention 2 (Educational Brochure Group)Treatment being tested
Following face-to-face recruitment, obtaining informed consent, and collecting phone numbers from eligible university students between, pre-tests-including the Introductory and Testicular Self-Examination (TSE) Characteristics Form along with Champion's Health Belief Model Scale-were administered online via Google Forms via WhatsApp (approximate completion time: 15 minutes). At the end of the sixth week following the pre-test, the educational brochure group received their respective protocol, followed by post-tests comprising the TSE Behavior Determination Form and the TSE Behavior and Educational Tool Satisfaction Form.
Treatment: Educational Brochure
- Control Group (No Intervention)Other group
Following face-to-face recruitment, obtaining informed consent, and collecting phone numbers from eligible university students, pre-tests-including the Introductory and Testicular Self-Examination (TSE) Characteristics Form along with Champion's Health Belief Model Scale-were administered online via Google Forms via WhatsApp (approximate completion time: 15 minutes). For the control group, no active educational intervention was administered following the pre-test, and only the TSE Behavior Determination Form was applied as a post-test at the end of the sixth week.
Treatment: Control Group
- Intervention 1 (Educational Brochure and Experience-Sharing Recordings Group)Treatment being tested
Following face-to-face recruitment, obtaining informed consent, and collecting phone numbers from eligible university students, pre-tests-including the Introductory and Testicular Self-Examination (TSE) Characteristics Form along with Champion's Health Belief Model Scale-were administered online via Google Forms via WhatsApp (approximate completion time: 15 minutes). At the end of the sixth week following the pre-test, the educational brochure and audio-recorded experience-sharing intervention group received their respective protocol, followed by post-tests comprising the TSE Behavior Determination Form and the TSE Behavior and Educational Tool Satisfaction Form.
Treatment: Educational Brochure and Audio Recording
Data and sources
- Registry record
- Listed on ClinicalTrials.gov.
- Official title
- Comparison of the Effects of Testicular Self-Examination Training Methods on Students' Behaviors and Health Beliefs Regarding Testicular Cancer and Testicular Self-Examination: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- Record updated
- 6 October 2026