Retinal and Cognitive Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes

Korábbi kezelés

• Previous history of stroke or neurodegenerative diseases.
• Previous laser photocoagulation.

Más betegség

• Severe NPDR, Proliferative DR (PDR), Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) or other eye disorders affecting vision besides these complications of diabetic retinopathy (DR).
• Other diseases which may induce retinal neurodegeneration (e.g. glaucoma).
• Severe systemic illness or personal circumstances that would not make it possible for patients to fulfil study protocols.
  • Prospective study:
  • In addition to the above, participants enrolled in the prospective longitudinal cohort study should fulfilled the following criteria:
  • 1\. Established dementia.

Laborértékek

• HbA1C \> 10% (86 mmol/mol).

Egyéb

• Subjects with a refractive error ≥ ± 6 D.
• Media opacities that preclude retinal imaging.

• Type 2 diabetes
• 65 years and older
• Diabetes duration of at least 5 years
• No overt retinopathy on fundus examination or fundus images, as determined by the evaluating ophthalmologist, in one or both eyes, and people with mild to moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) as determined by the evaluating phthalmologists using fundus examination by slit-lamp biomicroscopy.
• Able to provide informed consent
  • Prospective study:
  • In addition to the above, participants enrolled in the prospective longitudinal cohort study should fulfilled the following criteria:
• Diagnosis of MCI confirmed by a neuropsychological test battery (NTB) and a specialized physician. For the control group the absence of MCI will also be confirmed by a neuropsychological test battery (NTB) and a specialized physician.
• Diagnosis of no overt or mild to moderate NPDR (ETDRS DR level 20 to 47) confirmed by the reading centre.