Secondhand Tobacco Smoke and Cardiovascular Disease

Korábbi kezelés

• Current therapy with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB).
• Known intolerance to ACE inhibitor or ARB.
• Significant history of recreational drug use other than marijuana as defined by: recreational drug use within the last 30 years of recruitment (or) recreational drug use at a frequency of more than once a month before 30 years.
• Concomitant participation in another interventional study.

Más betegség

• History of angioedema.
• Conventional indication for ACE inhibitor or ARB (e.g., history of myocardial infarction, known cardiomyopathy).
• History of clinically overt pulmonary disease that may interfere with study procedures, including: greater than mild asthma, COPD, emphysema, chronic interstitial lung disease, and pulmonary hypertension.
• Neuromuscular disorders or physical disability to perform exercise testing using an ergometer.
• Other uncontrolled chronic illnesses which in the judgment of the study physician would interfere with completing study procedures.
• Failure to keep screening appointments or other indicators of non-adherence.

Laborértékek

• Renal insufficiency (Creatinine Clearance \<30 mL/min by Cockcroft-Gault calculation).
• Potassium supplementation or serum potassium level of 5.0 milliequivalents (mEq)/dL or higher at V1.
• Current use of a potassium sparing diuretic.
• History of clinically overt cardiovascular disease including: stable or unstable angina; chest discomfort and dyspnea with baseline exertion; symptomatic coronary artery disease (as defined by history of abnormal stress test; cardiac catheterization showing \>70% coronary artery stenosis; history of revascularization; pathologic Q waves on EKG); poorly controlled resting hypertension (SBP\>160/ DBP\>95); congestive heart failure (CHF) (as defined by left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) \<55%; physical exam findings of CHF; symptomatic pulmonary edema); significant (\>mild) valvular heart disease; congenital heart disease; cardiac arrhythmias including frequent premature atrial or ventricular contractions (\>5 per minute).

Egyéb

• Inability or unwillingness of a participant to give written informed consent or comply with study protocol.
• Subject is pregnant, breast-feeding, or plans to become pregnant.
• Blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg systolic or 60 mm Hg diastolic while standing or sitting.
• Known unilateral or bilateral renal artery stenosis higher than 70%.
• Current regular use of NSAIDs defined as daily use on 5 or more days of the week for more than one month.
• Marijuana use more than once a week.
• Subjects with BMI \<15 or \>40 kg/m2.
• MRI Scan Participation Exclusion Criteria - The participants will be excluded from the MRI portion of the study if they have a metallic object embedded or implanted in their body that is incompatible with Magnetic Resonance (MR) scanning, including MR incompatible pacemaker or defibrillator.

• Must be able to understand and provide informed consent.
• Adults \>= 40 years of age.
• Must have a history of occupational exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke for at least 5 years such as flight attendants who worked for airlines before the smoking ban on aircrafts went into effect or casino workers who worked at casinos with no smoke-free policies.
• Must have never smoked or have a remote history of light smoking defined as follows:
  • Lifetime smoking history equivalent to \< 1 pack-year and
  • No smoking history for \>= 20 years at the time of enrollment.