Start Taking Action For TB Diagnosis

A regiszterben nem jelölt feltételek

• Inclusion criteria for Individuals attending stationary health facilities:
  • health-seeking persons presenting at participating study site health facilities who are:
  • Age 15 years and above
  • PLHIV irrespective of their CD4 count and antiretroviral therapy (ART) status
  • At risk of pulmonary and/or extra-pulmonary TB
  • OR
  • People with a positive WHO-recommended four-symptom screen (W4SS) or parenchymal abnormalities on chest radiography
  • Written informed consent and agreement to follow-up after enrolment (e.g. not planning to relocate)
  • A parent or guardian present at the time of enrolment to provide signed informed consent and assent signed for those aged 15 years to age of majority
  • Exclusion
  • Current anti-TB treatment (counting from the third dose)
  • Any anti-TB treatment within 60 days prior to enrolment
  • Any TB preventive therapy within 6 months prior to enrolment
• Inclusion criteria for refugees and IDPs
  • health-seeking persons resident in official refugee camps who have cross international borders from other countries; OR
  • internally displaced individuals (IDPs), defined as persons forced or obliged to flee or to leave their homes to avoid the effects of armed conflict, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human-made disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognized state border.
  • IDPs can be recruited from refugee camps or among individuals sharing accommodation with local residents.
  • At the time they are presenting at participating study site health facilities.
  • Clinical criteria will be the same as described for individuals attending health facilities
  • Exclusion
  • Same as described for individuals attending health facilities and
  • Individuals who intend to leave the local area in the short term and have no means of contact
• Inclusion criteria for nomadic populations
  • Participants will be selected using active case finding through community screening camps targeting the nomadic population (nomadic are defined as a member of a group of people who have no fixed home and move according to the seasons from place to place in search of food, water, and grazing land and are usually herders with traditional hierarchies.
  • The dates and locations of screening days will coincide with community market days, after consultation with nomadic community leaders
  • Clinical criteria will be the same as described for individuals attending health facilities
  • Exclusion
  • Same as described for individuals attending health facilities and Individuals who intend to leave the local area in the short term and have no means of contact
• Inclusion criteria for informal settlements, urban vulnerable groups and the rural poor
  • Participants will be selected using active case finding through community screening activities targeting urban vulnerable groups and the rural poor.
  • Screening will be conducted on dates and in locations agreed with community leaders, depending on the setting.
  • Clinical criteria will be the same as described for individuals attending health facilities.
  • Exclusion
  • Same as described for individuals attending health facilities and Individuals who intend to leave the local area in the short term and have no means of contact.
• Inclusion criteria for children health-seeking children presenting at participating study site health facilities who:
  • Are between 12 months and 15 years of age.
  • Have presumptive TB based on at least one criterion among the following:
  • Persistent cough for more than 2 weeks
  • Persistent fever for more than 2 weeks
  • Recent failure to thrive (documented clear deviation from a previous growth trajectory in the last 3 months or Z score weight/age < 2)
  • Failure of broad-spectrum antibiotics for treatment of pneumonia to improve symptoms and signs
  • Suggestive CXR features OR
  • History of contact with a person with TB and any of the symptoms listed above with a shorter duration (< 2 weeks), if the child is HIV infected or presents with Severe Acute Malnutrition
  • A parent or guardian present at the time of enrolment to provide signed informed consent and assent signed by children > 7 years old.
  • > 5 days of anti-TB treatment in the last 3 months or individuals receiving TB preventive therapy
  • Children <12 months old