Effects of Marching Exercise With Cognitive Training on Physical, Cognitive Function, and Autonomic Cardiovascular Responses in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Korábbi kezelés

• A history of ankle, knee, or hip joint replacement within 6 months prior to participation in the study, or any residual effects from surgery that affect the study.

Más betegség

• Neurological disease (e.g., stroke, Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injury) that affects mobility, such as balance and gait.
• Inflammation of joints and muscles, or musculoskeletal conditions with a pain score greater than 5 out of 10 on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), or any pain that affects the study.
• Other complications that may affect the study, such as dizziness, angina pain, uncontrolled high blood pressure, acute illness, or injury, etc.

Egyéb

• Open wounds on the skin that affect weight-bearing while standing or walking. 1) Deformities or abnormalities of the extremities, or disabilities resulting from the loss of limbs that may affect the study.
• Hearing and vision impairments that cannot be corrected with hearing aids and glasses, etc.

• Male and female.
• Aged between 60 and 79 years.
• Medically diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.
• Peripheral neuropathy with a score of 7 or higher according to the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI).
• Body Mass Index (BMI) within the normal range (between 18.5-24.5 kg/m²).
• Able to follow instructions and willing to participate in the study.
• Able to communicate with researchers and provide information independently (researchers will read the questions to the volunteers and allow them to choose their own answers).
• Able to walk continuously for at least 10 meters without the use of walking aids.