Effect of TENS on Spasticity

Korábbi kezelés

• Concomitant wrist contracture or pain sufficient to impede clinical evaluation
• Non-stable dosage of antispastic medications within the 2 weeks prior to baseline
• Initiation of medications affecting nerve conduction (e.g., antidepressants, anticonvulsants, anesthetics) within the past month; patients on a stable dose for >1 month remain eligible

Más betegség

• Contraindications to transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (e.g., implanted electronic devices, history of epilepsy, or localized skin lesions preventing electrode placement)
• History of neurolytic procedures targeting spasticity in the affected limb.
• History of orthopedic or neurological surgery targeting spasticity in the affected limb
• Cognitive impairment severe enough to compromise adherence to study protocols
• Presence of active malignancy at or near the treatment area.

Életkor

• Age <18 or >70 year

Egyéb

• Structural abnormalities of the elbow joint obstructing median nerve stimulation
• Median nerve neuropathy or injury in the affected upper extremity.
• Botulinum toxin injection in the target spastic muscles within the preceding 3 months
• Inability to maintain the required testing positions for the upper extremity joints (shoulder, elbow, forearm, and wrist)
• Pregnancy or breastfeeding

• Age between 18 and 70 years
• Post-stroke wrist flexor spasticity scored as Grade 2 or 3 on the Australian Spasticity Assessment Scale (ASAS), specifically selecting patients whose passive stretch resistance (post-catch response) can be easily overcome to ensure accurate and unconfounded electrophysiological evaluation.
• At least 6 months post-stroke (chronic phase).
• Provision of voluntary, written informed consent prior to study enrollment.