Integrating HPV Education Into School Health Programs in Cambodia and Kenya

Életkor

• Caregivers, teachers, or healthcare workers younger than 18 years, unable to provide informed consent, unable to communicate in the applicable study language(s), or not meeting the relevant role-based eligibility criteria.

Egyéb

• Students outside the applicable study grades or not attending participating schools; for the KAP questionnaire, students without the required consent/assent or who did not meet country-specific literacy requirements.

• Student educational intervention population: Girls and boys enrolled in the country-specific target grades at participating schools (Cambodia: Grades 3-5; Kenya: Grades 4-8 during intervention implementation). In Kenya, the targeted cohorts progressed to Grades 5-9 by the January 2026 endline. Student eligibility for the educational intervention was primarily grade-based rather than based on a single numerical age restriction.
• Student KAP questionnaire participants: Students in the relevant study grades at selected KAP schools who met country-specific consent/assent and literacy requirements. KAP recruitment used independent repeated cross-sectional samples at baseline and endline; individual students were not longitudinally linked across rounds.
• HPV vaccination coverage population: Girls eligible for routine HPV vaccination in participating schools according to country-specific national vaccination policy (9-year-old girls in Cambodia; girls aged 10-14 years in Kenya). These age criteria applied to the vaccination coverage outcome and did not define eligibility for exposure to the educational curriculum.
• Caregivers: Age 18 years or older, caring for an age/grade-eligible student at a participating school, able to provide informed consent, and able to communicate in the applicable study language(s).
• Teachers: Age 18 years or older, involved in relevant school health/SRH education, able to provide informed consent, and able to communicate in the applicable study language(s). Teacher qualitative feasibility interviews were conducted in intervention settings.
• Healthcare workers: Age 18 years or older, working in a health facility serving participating-school catchment areas, involved in HPV immunization and/or education, able to provide informed consent, and able to communicate in the applicable study language(s). Healthcare-worker qualitative feasibility interviews were conducted in intervention settings.