Evaluation of the Effect of Mental Imagery Training Combined With Modified Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy in Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis

Korábbi kezelés

• Previous receipt of Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT).

Más betegség

• Severe hearing and/or speech impairment.
• Presence of an additional neurological, musculoskeletal, or other condition that may affect upper extremity motor function.

Egyéb

• A score greater than 1 on the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS \>1) in at least one upper extremity muscle.
• Upper extremity pain, defined as a score greater than 4 on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS).
• A score below 24 on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).

• A definitive diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) by a neurologist according to the McDonald criteria.
• Presence of an asymmetric upper extremity motor deficit attributable to MS, determined by calculating the difference in performance time between the extremities using the Nine-Hole Peg Test (9HPT).
• Marked non-use of the more affected upper extremity during activities of daily living (Motor Activity Log average item score ≤2.5).
• Ability to perform at least 20° of wrist extension starting from full wrist flexion, at least 10° of thumb extension or abduction, and at least 10° of extension at the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of the other fingers.
• No relapse within the previous 3 months.
• Right-hand dominance.
• Basic computer skills, including turning the computer on and off, opening and closing the relevant program, and adjusting the volume.