Melphalan Treatment Then Trifluridine-Tipiracil and Bevacizumab in Liver-Dominant Colorectal Cancer

Who can take part

• Patient is ≥ 18 years of age on day of consent
• If patient is a woman of childbearing potential (WOCBP) (i.e., fertile meaning not permanently sterilized and having had a menstrual period within the past 12 months), has a negative serum pregnancy test (β-human chorionic gonadotropin β-HCG) within 7 days prior to randomization
• If patient is a WOCBP or fertile male (not permanently sterile by bilateral orchiectomy), they or their partner must be willing to use a highly effective contraception method (e.g., combined hormonal contraception; progestogen-only hormonal contraception; intrauterine device, intrauterine hormone-releasing system; bilateral tubal occlusion, vasectomized partner or sexual abstinence) from consent to at least 6 months after the last administration of study treatment
• Signed informed consent
• Histologically confirmed diagnosis of mCRC and histologically or cytologically proven CRC metastases that occupy 50% or less of the liver parenchyma
• Patient has liver-dominant metastatic disease. Liver-dominant is defined as the majority of total tumor burden is located in the liver, and the liver lesions are not resectable or treatable with ablation or are associated with extrahepatic disease that makes surgical intervention non-curative
• Disease in the liver must be measurable (per RECIST v1.1 guidelines) by computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• Patient weighs ≥ 35 kg (due to possible size limitations with respect to percutaneous catheterization of the femoral artery and vein required with Melphalan/HDS)
• If there is evidence of extrahepatic metastatic disease, it is limited, and the life-threatening component of disease is in the liver. Limited extrahepatic disease is defined in this protocol as follows: up to 5 tumor lesions in the lung with longest diameter not greater than 2 cm and/or up to 5 lymph nodes that measure 2 cm or less per lesion
• Scans used to determine eligibility (CT scan of the chest/abdomen/pelvis and MRI of the liver) must be performed within 28 days prior to randomization
• Patient was previously treated and progressed on, or following, or developed intolerance to, fluoropyrimidine-, oxaliplatin- and irinotecan-based chemotherapy, an anti-VEGF biological therapy, and/or an anti-EGFR therapy if RAS wild-type. Patient with MSI-H/dMMR CRC was previously treated and progressed on or following, or developed intolerance to, immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICPI) therapy, if eligible
• Patient has an ECOG PS of 0-1 within 14 days prior to randomization

Who cannot take part

• Patient has Child-Pugh Class B or C cirrhosis or evidence of clinically significant portal hypertension by history, endoscopy, or radiologic studies (large abdominal varices, prior history of varices by endoscopy)
• Patient is taking immunosuppressive drugs. NOTE: Oral corticosteroids ≤ 10 mg/day are allowed
• Patient is unable to be temporarily removed from chronic anti-coagulation therapy
• Patient received anti-cancer therapy including radiotherapy or investigational agent for any indication ≤ 30 days prior to randomization
• Patients should have recovered to Grade 1 or less for AEs related to prior treatment unless deemed clinically not significant, such as lymphopenia, anemia or Grade 2 neuropathy due to prior oxaliplatin treatment. NOTE: Certain side effects that are unlikely to develop into serious or life–threatening events (e.g., alopecia) are allowed at ≥ Grade 1
• Patient is less than 28 days after surgery and surgical wound is not fully healed
• Patient was previously treated with trifluridine–tipiracil
• Prior chemoembolization or radioembolization to the liver or prior hepatic arterial infusion therapy
• Patient has an active second malignancy or has a history of recent definitively treated invasive cancer within 2 years prior to enrolment, with the exception of non-melanoma skin cancer
• Patient has active bacterial infection(s) with systemic manifestations (malaise, fever, leucocytosis)
• Patient has an active infection, including Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C infection. NOTE: Patients with anti-hepatitis B core antibody (HBc) positive, or hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) but DNA negative are allowed exception(s)
• Patient has known severe allergic reaction to iodine contrast that cannot be controlled by premedication with antihistamines and steroids
• Patient has a history of or known hypersensitivity to melphalan or the components of the Melphalan/HDS system
• Patient has known latex allergy
• Patient has a history of known hypersensitivity to heparin or the presence of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
• Patient has an uncontrolled endocrine disorder including diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, or hyperthyroidism
• Patient has New York Heart Association functional classification II, III or IV active cardiac condition(s), including unstable coronary syndromes (unstable or severe angina, recent myocardial infarction), worsening or new-onset congestive heart failure, significant arrhythmias, or severe valvular disease that create(s) undue risks of undergoing general anesthesia
• Patient is currently under treatment for cancer other than mCRC or is not deemed to be cancer free
• Patient has history of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar composition to trifluridine/tipiracil or any of its excipients
• Patient has history of allergic reactions or hypersensitivity to bevacizumab or any of its excipients
• Patient has history of hypersensitivity to Chinese Hamster Ovary cell products or other recombinant human or humanized antibodies
• Contraindications to bevacizumab, including uncontrolled hypertension, history of active fistula or bowel perforation (unless in the setting of a resected primary), history of cerebrovascular accident or arterial thrombotic event in the last 1 year, or history of venous thrombotic event in the last 30 days
• Evidence of hepatic vein or portal vein thrombosis
• Patient has history or evidence of clinically significant pulmonary disease or any other condition that precludes the use of general anesthesia
• Patient has a history of bleeding disorders, presence of brain metastases, or other intracranial abnormalities that would put them at risk for bleeding with anti-coagulation
• Patient has known varices at risk of bleeding, including medium or large esophageal or gastric varices, active peptic ulcer, or history of recent hemoptysis
• Patient has hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, total lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption
• Albumin level < 3.0 g/dL
• Patient has peritoneal lesions or large abdominal masses
• Patient is pregnant or breastfeeding
• Patient is a WOCBP (i.e., fertile meaning not permanently sterilized and having had a menstrual period within the past 12 months) who is unable to undergo hormonal suppression to avoid menstruation during treatment