Testing How Bottle Nipple Flow Rate Affects Milk Intake in Babies

Who can take part

• Mother-infant dyad: The biological mother is the legal guardian of the infant and has custody for ≥5 days per week (in cases of joint custody)
• Maternal age: Mother is ≥18 years old
• Language: Mother understands spoken and written English sufficiently to provide informed consent, answer questionnaires and follow study instructions
• Gestational age: Infant was born at 37.0-42.0 weeks gestation
• Birthweight: Infant's birthweight was appropriate for gestational age
• Bottle feeding: Infant currently receives at least one bottle feeding of ≥2 ounces at least once per week
• Residence: Family lives within approximately one hours driving distance of Ann Arbor, Michigan to participate in an at- home appointment or is willing to drive to the U-M North Campus research site
• Infant age: Infant is 4.0-6.0 months old at enrollment

Who cannot take part

• Current maternal depression or anxiety, as assessed by screening questionnaires, or any cognitive impairment that would limit ability to follow study instructions
• Infant developmental delay, genetic condition, or medical problems or diagnosis affecting current or future eating, growth, or development
• History of significant sucking or feeding difficulties or breastfeeding difficulties requiring significant medical intervention or support
• Current weight-for-age below the 10th percentile or significant history of poor weight gain
• Infant already typically uses a slower-flow nipple (flow rate < 5 mL/min)