Examination of Transcranial Focused Ultrasound on Brain Activity in Adults With Cocaine Use Disorder

Who can take part

• Between 18-45 years of age
• Uses cocaine as a primary drug at a minimum frequency of 1x/mo; any period of abstinence within the past month does not exceed 1 week

Who cannot take part

• Cocaine is not used as a primary drug, is used at a frequency of less than 1x/mo, and/or a period of abstinence lasting longer than 1 week has occurred within past month
• Binge drinking (as defined by NIAA criteria: consuming 5 or more drinks (male), or 4 or more drinks (female), in about 2 hours.) in the week before, and/or >3 drinks/day for the 3 days before, and/or alcohol in the last 12 hrs before, any alcohol on tFUS scan day, confirmed at screening and scan days (to avoid tFUS during alcohol withdrawal). Alcohol/nicotine/caffeine/cannabis use (below SCID-5 SUD and binge levels) will be allowed
• MRI exclusion criteria: e.g., surgical implants; claustrophobia; positive pregnancy test for females (performed at the MRRC)/self-report pregnancy
• Present/lifetime history of primary psychosis or Bipolar Disorder (DSM-5 criteria, SCID-5, SCID-5-PD, YMRS>10), present suicidal ideation, or current depressive episode
• History of head injury, neurological (e.g., epilepsy), pervasive developmental disorder (e.g., autism), systemic medical disease and treatment (medical records, participant report)
• Family history of epilepsy
• Use of substances with seizure risk (e.g., stimulants), benzodiazepines, and dopaminergic psychotropic medications in the past month
• Not between 18-45 years of age
• Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score (cognitive state) <24
• Premorbid NAART IQ estimate <85
• Visual disturbance: <20/40 Snellen visual acuity
• Left/mixed handedness (Annett criteria)
• Unable to understand English
• Any implanted neural device since it is not known whether tFUS would interfere with other implanted neural devices
• Color blind