The Esophageal String Test as a Diagnostic Screening Tool for Eosinophilic Esophagitis Among Africans With Dysphagia in Mali and the United States

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• Recent steroid use (systemic or swallowed/topical corticosteroid) within 4 weeks prior to endoscopy
• Recent use of other biologic medications (within either 6 months or 5 half-lives, whichever is longer). Examples of biologic medications include:; 3a. mepolizumab (Nucala); 3b. reslizumab (Cinqair, Cinqaero); 3c. benralizumab (Fasenra); 3d. cendakimab; 3e. tezepelumab (Tezspire); 3f. barzolvolimab
• Current use of anticoagulant medications
• Treatment with another investigational drug or other investigational intervention within 6 months or 5 half-lives whichever is longer
• Individuals suffering from a bleeding diathesis (e.g., hemophilia, severe thrombocytopenia)
• Individuals with a known history of any of the following:; 8a. eosinophilic esophagitis; 8b. esophageal stricture unable to be passed with an upper endoscope; 8c. esophageal cancer; 8d. esophageal motility disorder (e.g., achalasia); 8e. esophageal varices; 8f. esophageal or gastric surgery including fundoplication; 8g. neurologic cause of dysphagia (e.g., stroke, Parkinson s disease, etc.); 8h. allergy to gelatin; 8i. inability to swallow pills
• Any condition that, in the investigator s opinion, places the individual at undue risk by participating in the study; Co-enrollment guidelines: Co-enrollment in other trials is restricted, other than enrollment on observational studies. Consideration for co-enrollment in trials evaluating the use of a licensed medication will require the approval of the principal investigator in consultation with the medical monitor. Study staff should be notified of co-enrollment on any other protocol as it may require the approval of the principal investigator
• An individual who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from participation in this study:
• Recent use of dupilumab (Dupixent) within the last 6 months
• Pregnancy

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• INCLUSION CRITERIA:; In order to be eligible to participate in this study, an individual must meet all of the following criteria:
• Able to provide informed consent
• Aged 18 to 65 years
• Born in the African continent or their parents were born in Africa,
• Exhibiting symptoms of dysphagia and/or prior history of food impaction
• Undergoing clinically indicated endoscopy at the NIH Clinical Center (U.S.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Gabriel Tour(SqrRoot)(Copyright) (Mali), or other local clinics (Mali) and willing to provide research samples and data